Introduction
Unani anatomy and physiology (Tashreeh wa Ilmul Aamraz) is based on the Hippocratic and Galenic traditions as developed by Islamic physicians including Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Al-Razi (Rhazes), and Ibn Rushd (Averroes). The Unani system understands the human body as composed of seven basic components that must remain in balance for health to be maintained.
The Seven Basic Components
The seven components of the human body according to Unani medicine are: al-Arkan (the elements — fire, air, water, earth), al-Mizaj (the temperament), al-Akhlat (the humors — blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile), al-Aza (the organs), al-Arwah (the vital spirit or pneuma), al-Quwa (the faculties or powers), and al-Af’al (the functions).
The Three Faculties
The three faculties (Quwa) are Tabi’iyya (natural faculty — nutrition, growth, reproduction), Haywaniyya (vital faculty — life maintenance, pulse, respiration), and Nafsaniyya (psychic faculty — sensation, movement, thought).
Conclusion
Unani anatomy and physiology provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the human body and its functions based on the humoral theory and the seven basic components.