Botanical Overview
Marula (Sclerocarya caffra) belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. While not among the most extensively documented medicinal plants, this species has recorded uses that warrant attention from researchers and practitioners. The cashew family (Anacardiaceae) includes trees and shrubs with resinous bark and leaves containing phenolic compounds such as urushiol, which can cause contact dermatitis. The flowers are small and clustered, and the fruits are often drupes with a resinous or oily seed. Many species have traditional uses for their oils and resins.
General Description
Sclerocarya birrea, commonly known as the marula, is a medium-sized deciduous fruit-bearing tree, indigenous to the miombo woodlands of Southern Africa, the Sudano-Sahelian range of West Africa, the savanna woodlands of East Africa and Madagascar.
Family Context
The Anacardiaceae family is primarily tropical and subtropical. Notable medicinal members include:
- Mango — 80 documented uses
- Cashew — 49 documented uses
- Mastic — 43 documented uses
- California Peppertree — 43 documented uses
Traditional Uses
Marula has been traditionally used for digestive health.
Digestive health.
- Diarrhea
For digestive complaints, the herb is typically prepared as a tea or decoction taken before meals. The bitter compounds stimulate digestive secretions and improve nutrient absorption. Some traditions use the powdered root or leaves in small doses as a stomachic tonic.
Active Compounds
Phytochemical research has identified 19 compounds in this species, including a diverse array of phytochemical classes (see the Complete Chemical Inventory below for the full list).
The identified compounds include the following categories:
- Alkaloid: nitrogenous compounds with diverse pharmacological activities
- Tannin: astringent compounds that tighten tissues and resist infection