Botanical Overview
American Elder (Sambucus canadensis) is a flowering plant in the Adoxaceae family. This plant has earned a place in traditional medicine through its consistent therapeutic benefits, recorded across multiple cultures. This species belongs to the Adoxaceae family, a group of flowering plants.
General Description
Although many parts of the plant are toxic, including the seeds, the flower and ripe berries are edible—most safely after cooking.
Family Context
The Adoxaceae family is widely distributed. Notable medicinal members include:
- European Alder — 41 documented uses
- Crampbark — 14 documented uses
Geographic Distribution
American Elder has been recorded in 10 countries and territories worldwide, including Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, and others.
Traditional Uses
American Elder has been traditionally used for digestive health, respiratory conditions, and skin and wound care, among other applications.
Digestive health.
- Laxative
- Carminative
For digestive complaints, the herb is typically prepared as a tea or decoction taken before meals. The bitter compounds stimulate digestive secretions and improve nutrient absorption. Some traditions use the powdered root or leaves in small doses as a stomachic tonic.
Respiratory conditions.
- Bronchitis
Respiratory conditions are addressed through steam inhalation of the herb’s vapors or internal use as a warm tea. The hot infusion acts as an expectorant, helping to loosen phlegm and clear congestion. Some traditions combine it with honey for coughs.
Skin and wound care.
- Psoriasis
For skin conditions, the fresh or dried plant is applied topically as a poultice, wash, or compress. A strong decoction can be used to clean wounds and sores. The antimicrobial properties help prevent infection while promoting tissue repair.
Active Compounds
Phytochemical research has identified 30 compounds in this species, including a diverse array of phytochemical classes (see the Complete Chemical Inventory below for the full list).
The identified compounds include the following categories:
- Flavonoid: antioxidant compounds that protect cells from oxidative damage
- Sterol: cholesterol-like compounds with anti-inflammatory properties
- Alkaloid: nitrogenous compounds with diverse pharmacological activities