Botanical Overview
Camu-camu (Eng.,Peru,Scn.,Sp.) (Myrciaria dubia) is a species in the Myrtaceae family. The myrtle family (Myrtaceae) includes trees and shrubs with opposite leaves that contain aromatic oil glands. The flowers are showy with numerous stamens, and the fruits are often fleshy berries or capsules. Many species produce essential oils with antiseptic and antimicrobial properties. Although comprehensive ethnobotanical records are limited, phytochemical studies have identified 30 compounds in this species, suggesting potential medicinal value.
General Description
It is a small bushy riverside tree from the Amazon rainforest in Peru and Brazil, which grows to a height of 3–5 metres and bears a red/purple cherry-like fruit. It is a close relative of the false jaboticaba and the guavaberry or rumberry. As much as 2–3% of the fresh fruit by weight is vitamin C.
Family Context
The Myrtaceae family is primarily tropical and subtropical. Notable medicinal members include:
- Guava — 57 documented uses
- Melaleuca leucadendron — 49 documented uses
- Clove — 45 documented uses
- Blue Gum — 44 documented uses
Geographic Distribution
Camu-camu (Eng.,Peru,Scn.,Sp.) has been recorded in 8 countries and territories worldwide, including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, and others.
Active Compounds
Phytochemical research has identified 30 compounds in this species, including a diverse array of phytochemical classes (see the Complete Chemical Inventory below for the full list).
The identified compounds include the following categories:
- Flavonoid: antioxidant compounds that protect cells from oxidative damage
- Alkaloid: nitrogenous compounds with diverse pharmacological activities
Research Status
Although this species has documented phytochemical constituents, its ethnobotanical and clinical documentation remains incomplete. Further ethnobotanical and pharmacological research may reveal additional therapeutic applications for this species.