Botanical Overview
Gamboge (Garcinia hanburyi) belongs to the Clusiaceae family. Limited but reliable traditional records indicate this plant has recognized medicinal applications in one or more healing traditions. The garcinia family (Clusiaceae) includes trees and shrubs with opposite, leathery leaves and resinous sap that is often yellow. The flowers are typically showy with numerous stamens, and the fruits are often fleshy capsules. Many species produce xanthones and polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) with significant biological activity.
General Description
Garcinia hanburyi is a plant species in the genus Garcinia, native to Indochina; it is one of the gamboge producing trees.
Family Context
The Clusiaceae family is primarily tropical. Notable medicinal members include:
- Common St. Johnswort — 36 documented uses
- Mamey — 23 documented uses
- Mesua ferrea — 16 documented uses
- Mangosteen — 13 documented uses
Geographic Distribution
Gamboge has been recorded in 10 countries and territories worldwide, including Ghana, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Laos, and others.
Traditional Uses
Gamboge has been traditionally used for digestive health and immune system support.
Digestive health.
- Vermifuge
- Purgative
For digestive complaints, the herb is typically prepared as a tea or decoction taken before meals. The bitter compounds stimulate digestive secretions and improve nutrient absorption. Some traditions use the powdered root or leaves in small doses as a stomachic tonic.
Immune system support.
- Cancer
Immune support involves taking the herb as a decoction or tincture over extended periods. The active compounds stimulate immune cell activity and provide antimicrobial protection.
Active Compounds
Phytochemical research has identified 5 compounds in this species, including a diverse array of phytochemical classes (see the Complete Chemical Inventory below for the full list).