Botanical Overview
Java Citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) is a species in the Poaceae family. The grass family (Poaceae) includes annual and perennial herbs with hollow, jointed stems and narrow leaves with parallel venation. The flowers are reduced and arranged in spikelets, and the fruits are grains (caryopses). This family provides the majority of the world’s food calories through cereals. Although comprehensive ethnobotanical records are limited, phytochemical studies have identified 30 compounds in this species, suggesting potential medicinal value.
General Description
Used in perfumery products and cosmetics, a source of Citronella oil.
Family Context
The Poaceae family is very large and globally distributed. Notable medicinal members include:
- Adlay — 54 documented uses
- Corn — 51 documented uses
- Rice — 47 documented uses
- West Indian Lemongrass — 43 documented uses
Geographic Distribution
Java Citronella has been recorded in 10 countries and territories worldwide, including Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Ghana, Guatemala, and others.
Active Compounds
Phytochemical research has identified 30 compounds in this species, including a diverse array of phytochemical classes (see the Complete Chemical Inventory below for the full list).
The identified compounds include the following categories:
- Alkaloid: nitrogenous compounds with diverse pharmacological activities
Research Status
Although this species has documented phytochemical constituents, its ethnobotanical and clinical documentation remains incomplete. Additional phytochemical investigation could identify novel bioactive compounds in this plant.