Botanical Overview
Shepherd’s Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) is a flowering plant in the Brassicaceae family. Traditional medicine systems have documented several valuable applications for this species, supported by its observed therapeutic effects. The mustard family (Brassicaceae) includes herbs with alternate leaves and four-petaled flowers arranged in cross-like clusters. The fruits are typically elongated capsules called siliques. Most species produce glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, pungent sulfur-containing compounds with anticancer and antimicrobial properties.
General Description
It has been described as a protocarnivore because its seeds contain mucilage, which traps nematodes. The plant is native to Eurasia but is naturalized and considered a common weed in many parts of the world, especially in colder climates. It has a number of culinary uses.
Family Context
The Brassicaceae family is widely distributed in temperate regions. Notable medicinal members include:
- Radish — 63 documented uses
- Berro — 45 documented uses
- Garden Cress — 39 documented uses
- Black Mustard — 27 documented uses
Geographic Distribution
Shepherd’s Purse has been recorded in 10 countries and territories worldwide, including Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Finland, France, and others.
Traditional Uses
Shepherd’s Purse has been traditionally used for digestive health, urinary tract health, and fever management, among other applications.
Digestive health.
- Diarrhea
- Dysentery
For digestive complaints, the herb is typically prepared as a tea or decoction taken before meals. The bitter compounds stimulate digestive secretions and improve nutrient absorption. Some traditions use the powdered root or leaves in small doses as a stomachic tonic.
Urinary tract health.
- Diuretic
- Edema
- Nephritis
Urinary tract applications typically involve drinking the herb as a mild tea, which increases urine production and helps flush the urinary system. It may be combined with other demulcent herbs to soothe irritated tissues.
Fever management.
- Febrifuge
Febrifuge preparations are typically administered as hot teas to induce perspiration, which helps the body regulate temperature. The patient is kept warm and encouraged to rest while the herb promotes sweating.
Active Compounds
Phytochemical research has identified 30 compounds in this species, including a diverse array of phytochemical classes (see the Complete Chemical Inventory below for the full list).
The identified compounds include the following categories:
- Flavonoid: antioxidant compounds that protect cells from oxidative damage
- Sterol: cholesterol-like compounds with anti-inflammatory properties
- Alkaloid: nitrogenous compounds with diverse pharmacological activities