Botanical Overview
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a flowering plant in the Moraceae family. Traditional medicine systems have documented several valuable applications for this species, supported by its observed therapeutic effects. The fig family (Moraceae) includes trees, shrubs, and climbers with milky sap and alternate leaves. The flowers are small and clustered inside a fleshy receptacle (the fig). Many species produce latex containing proteolytic enzymes and have traditional uses for skin conditions and parasitic infections.
General Description
The jackfruit, jakfruit or nangka is a species of tree in the fig, mulberry, and breadfruit family (Moraceae).
Family Context
The Moraceae family is widely distributed. Notable medicinal members include:
- Sang-Pai-Pi — 77 documented uses
- Streblus asper — 35 documented uses
- Fig — 30 documented uses
- Paper Mulberry — 22 documented uses
Geographic Distribution
Jackfruit has been recorded in 10 countries and territories worldwide, including Brazil, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, and others.
Traditional Uses
Jackfruit has been traditionally used for digestive health, skin and wound care, and immune system support.
Digestive health.
- Laxative
For digestive complaints, the herb is typically prepared as a tea or decoction taken before meals. The bitter compounds stimulate digestive secretions and improve nutrient absorption. Some traditions use the powdered root or leaves in small doses as a stomachic tonic.
Skin and wound care.
- Leprosy
- Sore
For skin conditions, the fresh or dried plant is applied topically as a poultice, wash, or compress. A strong decoction can be used to clean wounds and sores. The antimicrobial properties help prevent infection while promoting tissue repair.
Immune system support.
- Tumor
Immune support involves taking the herb as a decoction or tincture over extended periods. The active compounds stimulate immune cell activity and provide antimicrobial protection.
Active Compounds
Phytochemical research has identified 30 compounds in this species, including a diverse array of phytochemical classes (see the Complete Chemical Inventory below for the full list).
The identified compounds include the following categories:
- Flavonoid: antioxidant compounds that protect cells from oxidative damage
- Alkaloid: nitrogenous compounds with diverse pharmacological activities