Before we begin: Suicide is the tenth most common cause of death in the United States. Read about the causes and treatment available, including a suicide hotline number.
This tutorial walks you through everything you need to know about suicide. We explain it in plain language, step by step, so whether you are a student, a patient, or simply curious, you will come away with a solid understanding.
We cover what it is, why it matters, how it is diagnosed, and what you can do about it. Key facts are called out along the way.
What is suicide? Suicide is the taking of one’s own life. It is a death that happens when someone harms themselves because they want to end their life. A suicide attempt is when someone harms themselves to try to end their life, but they do not die.
Suicide is a major public health problem and a leading cause of death in the United States. Both suicide and suicide attempts can have lasting harmful effects:
People who survive a suicide attempt may have serious injuries that can affect their long-term health. They may also have depression or other mental health concerns.
When people die by suicide, it affects their family, friends, and community. They may feel grief, shock, anger, and guilt. Some may develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, or anxiety. They may also be at risk for suicidal thoughts.
Who is at risk for suicide? Suicide does not discriminate. It can touch anyone, anywhere, at any time. But there are certain factors that can contribute to the risk of suicide, including:
Having attempted suicide before
Depression and other mental health disorders
Alcohol or drug use disorder
Family history of a mental health disorder
Family history of an alcohol or drug use disorder
Family history of suicide
Family violence, including intimate partner violence, child abuse, or sexual abuse
Having guns in the home
Being in or having recently gotten out of prison or jail
Being exposed to others’ suicidal behavior, such as a family member, peer, or celebrity
Medical illness, including chronic pain
Stressful life event, such as a job loss, financial problems, loss of a loved one, a breakup of a relationship, etc.
Being between the ages of 15 and 24 years or over age 60
What are the warning signs for suicide? The warning signs for suicide include:
Talking about wanting to die or wanting to kill oneself
Making a plan or looking for a way to kill oneself, such as searching online
Buying a gun or stockpiling pills
Feeling empty, hopeless, trapped, or like there’s no reason to live
Being in unbearable pain
Talking about being a burden to others
Using more alcohol or drugs
Acting anxious or agitated; behaving recklessly
Sleeping too little or too much
Withdrawing from family or friends or feeling isolated
Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge
Displaying extreme mood swings
Saying good-bye to loved ones, putting affairs in order
Some people may tell others about their suicidal thoughts. But others may try to hide them. This can make some of the signs harder to spot.
What should I do if I need help or know someone who does? If you or someone you know has the warning signs for suicide, get help right away, especially if there is a change in behavior. If it is an emergency, dial 911. Otherwise there are five steps that you can take:
Ask the person if they’re thinking about killing themselves.
Keep them safe. Find out whether they have a plan for suicide and keep them away from things that they can use to kill themselves.
Be there with them. Listen carefully and find out what they are thinking and feeling.
Help them connect to resources that can help them, such as through:
Calling or texting the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988.
Chatting through Lifeline Chat.
For veterans, reaching the Veterans Crisis Line by:
Calling 988 and then pressing 1.
Texting to 838255.
Chatting with them.
Stay connected. Staying in touch after a crisis can make a difference.
NIH: National Institute of Mental Health
Categories: Mental Health and Behavior, Social/Family Issues.
Source: National Institutes of Health — National Institute of Mental Health.
Key Takeaways
Understanding suicide is an important part of taking charge of your health. Here is what to remember:
- Know the signs — Recognizing early symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.
- Talk to your provider — If you have concerns or a family history of this condition, bring it up at your next checkup.
- Stay informed — Medical knowledge evolves. Keep learning and asking questions.
- You are not alone — Many people deal with this condition. Support groups and educational resources can help.