Before we begin: Read about causes, symptoms and treatments associated with stress, something that most people encounter from time to time.
This tutorial walks you through everything you need to know about stress. We explain it in plain language, step by step, so whether you are a student, a patient, or simply curious, you will come away with a solid understanding.
We cover what it is, why it matters, how it is diagnosed, and what you can do about it. Key facts are called out along the way.
What is stress? Stress is how your brain and body respond to a challenge or demand. When you are stressed, your body releases certain hormones. Hormones are chemicals that travel in your bloodstream and control how different parts of your body work. The hormones that are released when you are stressed make you alert and ready to act. They can raise your blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose (blood sugar) levels. This response is sometimes called a “fight or flight” response.
Everyone gets stressed from time to time. There are different types of stress. It can be short-term or long-term. It can be caused by something that happens once or something that keeps happening.
Not all stress is bad. In fact, it can help you survive in a dangerous situation. For example, one kind of stress is the jolt you may feel when a car pulls out in front of you while you are driving. This jolt of hormones helps you quickly hit the brakes to avoid an accident. A little short-term stress can sometimes be helpful. For example, the stress of having a deadline for school or your job may push you to get your work done on time. Once you finish it, that stress goes away.
But stress that lasts a long time can harm your health.
What causes long-term stress? Long-term stress, or chronic stress, lasts for weeks, months, or longer. As you go about your life, your body is acting as if you’re being threatened.
Causes of long-term stress include:
Routine stress from the demands of work, school, family needs, money problems, and other daily pressures that don’t stop.
Stress from sudden, difficult changes in your life, such as divorce, illness, losing your job, or other unhappy life events that often have a long impact.
Traumatic stress, which may happen when you’re in danger of serious harm or death. Examples include being in a bad accident, a war, a flood, earthquake, or other frightening event. This type of stress can cause a long-lasting problem called post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
How can long term-stress harm my health? People respond to stress in different ways. If you’re stressed for a long time you may notice that you are:
Getting sick more often than usual because stress weakens your body’s ability to fight germs
Having stomach problems or trouble digesting food
Having trouble sleeping
Having headaches
Feeling sad, angry, or easily upset
When stress keeps going, your body acts as if you’re always in danger. That’s a lot of strain that may play a part in developing serious health problems, including:
Depression
Anxiety
Heart disease
High blood pressure
Diabetes
It’s possible to get used to the symptoms of stress and not even realize there’s a problem. So when there’s a lot of stress in your life, it’s important to pay attention to how it affects you so you can do something about it.
How can I manage long-term stress? Simple things that improve your mental health may be helpful in managing long-term stress, such as:
Get regular exercise. A 30-minute daily walk can help you feel better and help keep your immune system strong, so you don’t get sick.
Try relaxing activities. You could look for an app or wellness program that uses breathing, meditation, or muscle relaxation exercises.
Get enough sleep every night.
Avoid too much caffeine.
Decide what you need to do now and what can wait. And focus on what you got done each day, not on what you weren’t able to do.
Ask your family or friends for support.
When should I ask my health care provider for help with stress? Get help if you’re having severe symptoms for 2 weeks or more, including:
Trouble sleeping
Changes in your eating that cause unwanted changes in your weight
Troubles getting out of bed because of your mood
Difficulty focusing your thoughts
Losing interest in things you usually enjoy
Not being able to do your usual daily activities
Always get help right away if stress is causing you to:
Have thoughts of suicide
Feel you can’t cope
Use drugs or alcohol more often than usual
Your health care provider may refer you to a mental health professional such as a psychologist or social worker.
NIH: National Institute of Mental Health
Also known as: Psychological stress.
Related topics: Psychological Stress.
Categories: Mental Health and Behavior.
Source: National Institutes of Health — National Institute of Mental Health.
Key Takeaways
Understanding stress is an important part of taking charge of your health. Here is what to remember:
- Know the signs — Recognizing early symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.
- Talk to your provider — If you have concerns or a family history of this condition, bring it up at your next checkup.
- Stay informed — Medical knowledge evolves. Keep learning and asking questions.
- You are not alone — Many people deal with this condition. Support groups and educational resources can help.