Before we begin: Skin infections can be caused by bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasites.
This tutorial walks you through everything you need to know about skin infections. We explain it in plain language, step by step, so whether you are a student, a patient, or simply curious, you will come away with a solid understanding.
We cover what it is, why it matters, how it is diagnosed, and what you can do about it. Key facts are called out along the way.
What are skin infections? Your skin is your body’s largest organ. It has many different functions, including covering and protecting your body. It helps keep germs out. But sometimes the germs can cause a skin infection. It often happens when the germs enter your body through a break, cut, or wound on your skin. Other skin infections can happen in places where the skin rubs together, especially if the area is moist. Infections can also happen when you have a poor blood supply to an area of your body or if your immune system is weakened because of another disease or a medical treatment.
Some skin infections cover a small area on the top of your skin. Other infections can go deep into your skin or spread to a larger area.
What causes skin infections? Skin infections are caused by different kinds of germs. For example,:
Bacteria cause cellulitis, impetigo, and staphylococcal (staph) infections
Viruses cause shingles, warts, and herpes simplex
Fungi cause athlete’s foot and yeast infections
Parasites cause body lice, head lice, and scabies
Who is more likely to get a skin infection? You are more likely to get a skin infection if you:
Have poor circulation
Have diabetes
Are older
Have an immune system disease, such as HIV
Have a weakened immune system because of chemotherapy or other medicines that suppress your immune system
Have to stay in one position for a long time, such as if you are sick and have to stay in bed for a long time or you are paralyzed
Are malnourished
Have excessive skinfolds, which can happen if you have obesity
What are the symptoms of skin infections? The symptoms depend on the type of infection. Some symptoms that are common to many skin infections include rashes, swelling, redness, pain, pus, and itching.
How are skin infections diagnosed? To diagnose a skin infection, your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. You may have lab tests, such as a skin culture. This is a test to identify what type of infection you have, using a sample from your skin. Your provider may take the sample by swabbing or scraping your skin or removing a small piece of skin (biopsy). Sometimes providers use other tests, such as blood tests.
How are skin infections treated? The treatment depends on the type of infection and how serious it is. Some infections will go away on their own. When you do need treatment, it may include a cream or lotion to put on the skin. Other possible treatments include medicines and a procedure to drain pus.
Related topics: Molluscum Contagiosum.
Categories: Infections, Skin, Hair and Nails.
Source: National Institutes of Health — National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
Key Takeaways
Understanding skin infections is an important part of taking charge of your health. Here is what to remember:
- Know the signs — Recognizing early symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.
- Talk to your provider — If you have concerns or a family history of this condition, bring it up at your next checkup.
- Stay informed — Medical knowledge evolves. Keep learning and asking questions.
- You are not alone — Many people deal with this condition. Support groups and educational resources can help.