Before we begin: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are passed from person to person.
This tutorial walks you through everything you need to know about sexually transmitted infections. We explain it in plain language, step by step, so whether you are a student, a patient, or simply curious, you will come away with a solid understanding.
We cover what it is, why it matters, how it is diagnosed, and what you can do about it. Key facts are called out along the way.
What are sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact. If not treated, an STI can develop into a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
STIs are usually spread during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. But sometimes they can spread through other sexual contact involving the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. This is because some STIs, like herpes and HPV, are spread by skin-to-skin contact.
Some STIs can be passed to the fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. Other ways that some STIs may spread include while breastfeeding, through blood transfusions, or by sharing needles.
There are more than 20 types of STIs, including:
Chlamydia
Genital herpes
Genital warts
Gonorrhea
HIV
HPV
Pubic lice
Syphilis
Trichomoniasis
What causes sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? STIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
Who is affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? Most STIs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women. If an STI is passed to a fetus during pregnancy or childbirth, it can cause serious health problems.
What are the symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? STIs don’t always cause symptoms or may only cause mild symptoms. So, it is possible to have an infection and not know it. And even without symptoms, STIs can still be harmful and may be passed on during sex.
If you do have symptoms, they could include:
Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina
Sores or warts on the genital area
Painful or frequent urination (peeing)
Itching and redness in the genital area
Blisters or sores in or around the mouth
Abnormal vaginal odor
Anal itching, soreness, or bleeding
Abdominal (belly) pain
Fever
How are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) diagnosed? If you are sexually active, you should talk to your health care provider about your risk for STIs and whether you need to be tested. This is especially important since many STIs do not usually cause symptoms.
Some STIs may be diagnosed during a physical exam or through STI testing. Some tests involve a microscopic examination of a sore or fluid swabbed from the vagina, penis, or anus. Blood tests can diagnose other types of STIs.
What are the treatments for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? Antibiotics can treat STIs that are caused by bacteria or parasites. There is no cure for STIs caused by viruses, but antiviral medicines can often help with the symptoms and lower your risk of spreading the infection.
It’s important to get treatment if you have an STI. Some types of STIs can cause serious health problems if they are not treated. Talk to your provider about how long to not have sex after treatment to avoid passing the infection back and forth with your partner.
Can sexually transmitted infections (STIs) be prevented? The surest way to protect yourself against STIs is to not have sex.
If you do decide to have sex, you can lower your risk of getting an STI by:
Having you and your partner tested for STIs before having sex.
Using a condom every time you have sex. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STIs. If you or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.
Reducing your number of sex partners. You might even consider “mutual monogamy” with just one partner. This means that you agree to be sexually active only with them, and they agree to be sexually active only with you. But first you should both get tested to make sure that you don’t already have an STI.
Getting vaccinated against HPV and hepatitis B.
Also known as: STDs, STIs, Sexually transmitted diseases, Venereal disease.
Related topics: Crab Lice, STDs, STIs, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Venereal Disease.
Categories: Women, Infections, Men, Sexual Health Issues, Female Reproductive System, Male Reproductive System.
Source: National Institutes of Health — National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Key Takeaways
Understanding sexually transmitted infections is an important part of taking charge of your health. Here is what to remember:
- Know the signs — Recognizing early symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.
- Talk to your provider — If you have concerns or a family history of this condition, bring it up at your next checkup.
- Stay informed — Medical knowledge evolves. Keep learning and asking questions.
- You are not alone — Many people deal with this condition. Support groups and educational resources can help.