Before we begin: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is high blood pressure in the arteries to.
This tutorial walks you through everything you need to know about pulmonary hypertension. We explain it in plain language, step by step, so whether you are a student, a patient, or simply curious, you will come away with a solid understanding.
We cover what it is, why it matters, how it is diagnosed, and what you can do about it. Key facts are called out along the way.
What is pulmonary hypertension? Pulmonary hypertension, sometimes called PH, is a serious condition that affects the blood vessels in the lungs. It develops when the blood pressure in your lungs is higher than normal.
Your heart pumps blood to your lungs so they can add oxygen to the blood. The blood goes back to your heart. From there, it travels to the rest of your body so that your tissues can get the oxygen that they need.
The blood moves from your heart to your lungs through blood vessels called pulmonary arteries. If the pulmonary arteries become damaged, narrowed, or blocked, the blood does not flow through them as well. This can increase the blood pressure in the arteries and cause pulmonary hypertension.
There are different types of pulmonary hypertension, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The different types are based on what caused the disease.
What causes pulmonary hypertension? Pulmonary hypertension can develop on its own or be caused by another condition. Sometimes the cause is unknown or is not clear.
Some of the possible causes include:
Heart diseases, including left-sided heart failure and congenital heart disease
Lung diseases such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), interstitial lung disease, emphysema, and sleep apnea
Other medical conditions such as:
Liver diseases
Sickle cell disease
Pulmonary embolism (blood clots in the lungs)
Connective tissue disorders like scleroderma
Who is more likely to develop pulmonary hypertension? Certain factors can make you more likely to develop pulmonary hypertension, such as:
Your age. The risk increases as you get older. The condition is usually diagnosed between ages 30 and 60.
Your environment. Being exposed to asbestos or having certain infections caused by parasites can raise your risk.
Your family history and genetics. Certain genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, congenital heart disease, and Gaucher disease, can raise your risk of pulmonary hypertension. So can a family history of blood clots.
Your lifestyle habits. Smoking and illegal drug use can raise your risk of developing pulmonary hypertension.
Certain medicines. For example, some medicines used to treat cancer and depression can make you more likely to develop pulmonary hypertension.
Your sex. Pulmonary hypertension is more common in women than in men.
What are the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension? The symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are sometimes hard to recognize and are similar to the symptoms of other medical conditions. So sometimes it can take years for someone to get diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension.
The symptoms of pulmonary hypertension may include:
Shortness of breath
Chest pain or pressure
Dizziness that may lead to fainting
Fatigue
Swelling of the abdomen, legs, or feet
Heart palpitations (the feeling that your heart is pounding or beating too fast)
What other problems can pulmonary hypertension cause? Pulmonary hypertension can get worse over time and lead to serious problems, including:
Anemia, which can cause your body to not get enough oxygen-rich blood
Arrhythmias, problems with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat
Blood clots in the pulmonary arteries
Bleeding in the lungs
Heart failure
Liver damage
Pericardial effusion, a collection of fluid around the heart
Serious pregnancy complications
How is pulmonary hypertension diagnosed? To find out if you have pulmonary hypertension, your health care provider:
Will ask about your medical history and symptoms
Will do a physical exam, which may include checking your blood oxygen, listening to your heart and lungs, and checking your blood pressure
Will likely order some tests, such as:
Blood tests to look for blood clots, stress on the heart, or anemia
Heart imaging tests, such as a cardiac MRI
Lung imaging tests, such as chest x-ray
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
What are the treatments for pulmonary hypertension? Often there is no cure for pulmonary hypertension, but treatments can help manage your symptoms. Your provider will work with you to come up with a treatment plan. It will be based on your needs and the cause of the pulmonary hypertension. The plan may include:
Healthy lifestyle changes, such as:
Healthy eating, which includes eating less salt
Regular physical activity, which may be done through pulmonary rehabilitation
Medicines, such as:
Blood thinners
Medicines to control the rate blood is pumped throughout the body
Medicines to relax blood vessels and allow the blood to flow better
Medicine to reduce swelling (diuretics)
Oxygen therapy
Procedures to reduce pressure in the heart or pulmonary artery
In some severe cases, a lung transplant
NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Also known as: Pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Related topics: Cor Pulmonale, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Primary Pulmonary Hypertension, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
Categories: Blood, Heart and Circulation, Lungs and Breathing.
Source: National Institutes of Health — National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Key Takeaways
Understanding pulmonary hypertension is an important part of taking charge of your health. Here is what to remember:
- Know the signs — Recognizing early symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.
- Talk to your provider — If you have concerns or a family history of this condition, bring it up at your next checkup.
- Stay informed — Medical knowledge evolves. Keep learning and asking questions.
- You are not alone — Many people deal with this condition. Support groups and educational resources can help.