Before we begin: Stopping the spread of germs is as easy as thoroughly washing your hands or covering your mouth when you sneeze or cough. Raise your hygiene IQ here.
This tutorial walks you through everything you need to know about germs and hygiene. We explain it in plain language, step by step, so whether you are a student, a patient, or simply curious, you will come away with a solid understanding.
We cover what it is, why it matters, how it is diagnosed, and what you can do about it. Key facts are called out along the way.
What are germs? Germs are microorganisms. This means that they can be seen only through a microscope. They can be found everywhere - in the air, soil, and water. There are also germs on your skin and in your body. Many germs live in and on our bodies without causing harm. Some even help us to stay healthy. But some germs can make you sick. Infectious diseases are diseases that are caused by germs.
The main types of germs are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
How do germs spread? There are different ways that germs can spread, including:
Through touching a person who has the germs or making other close contact with them, such as kissing, hugging, or sharing cups or eating utensils
Through breathing air after a person with the germs coughs or sneezes
Through touching the feces (poop) of someone who has the germs, such as changing diapers, then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth
Through touching objects and surfaces that have germs on them, then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth
From mother to baby during pregnancy and/or childbirth
From insect or animal bites
From contaminated food, water, soil, or plants
How can I protect myself and others from germs? You can help protect yourself and others from germs:
When you have to cough or sneeze, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or use the inside of your elbow
Wash your hands well and often. You should scrub them for at least 20 seconds. It is important to do this when you are most likely to get and spread germs:
Before, during, and after preparing food
Before eating food
Before and after caring for someone at home who is sick with vomiting or diarrhea
Before and after treating a cut or wound
After using the toilet
After changing diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet
After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing
After touching an animal, animal feed, or animal waste
After handling pet food or pet treats
After touching garbage
If soap and water are not available, you can use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol
Stay home if you are sick
Avoid close contact with people who are sick
Practice food safety when handling, cooking, and storing food
Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces and objects
Related topics: Body Odor, Handwashing.
Categories: Infections, Skin, Hair and Nails.
Key Takeaways
Understanding germs and hygiene is an important part of taking charge of your health. Here is what to remember:
- Know the signs — Recognizing early symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.
- Talk to your provider — If you have concerns or a family history of this condition, bring it up at your next checkup.
- Stay informed — Medical knowledge evolves. Keep learning and asking questions.
- You are not alone — Many people deal with this condition. Support groups and educational resources can help.