Before we begin: Drug use or misuse is especially dangerous for young people. Drug use can interfere with developmental processes in the brain, and lead to other health problems.
This tutorial walks you through everything you need to know about drugs and young people. We explain it in plain language, step by step, so whether you are a student, a patient, or simply curious, you will come away with a solid understanding.
We cover what it is, why it matters, how it is diagnosed, and what you can do about it. Key facts are called out along the way.
What is drug use? Drug use, or misuse, includes:
Using illegal substances, such as
Anabolic steroids
Club drugs
Cocaine
Heroin
Inhalants
Marijuana
Methamphetamines
Misusing prescription medicines, including opioids. This means taking the medicines in a different way than the health care provider prescribed. This includes
Taking a medicine that was prescribed for someone else
Taking a larger dose than you are supposed to
Using the medicine in a different way than you are supposed to. For example, instead of swallowing your tablets, you might crush and then snort or inject them.
Using the medicine for another purpose, such as getting high
Misusing over-the-counter medicines, including using them for another purpose and using them in a different way than you are supposed to.
Why are drugs especially dangerous for young people? Young people’s brains are growing and developing until they are their mid-20’s. This is especially true of the prefrontal cortex, which is used to make decisions. Taking drugs when young can interfere with developmental processes occurring in the brain. It can also affect their decision-making. They may be more likely to do risky things, such as unsafe sex and dangerous driving.
The earlier young people start using drugs, the greater their chances of continuing to use them and become addicted later in life.Taking drugs when you are young can contribute to the development of adult health problems, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and sleep disorders.
Which drugs most commonly used by young people? The drugs that are most commonly used by young people are alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. Recently, more young people have started vaping tobacco and marijuana. There is still a lot we don’t know about the dangers of vaping. Some people have unexpectedly gotten very ill or have even died after vaping. Because of this, young people should stay away from vaping.
Why do young people take drugs? There are many different reasons why a young person may take drugs, including:
To fit in. Young people may do drugs because they want to be accepted by friends or peers who are doing drugs.
To feel good. Abused drugs can produce feelings of pleasure.
To feel better. Some young people suffer from depression, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and physical pain. They may do drugs to try to get some relief.
To do better in academics or sports. Some young people may take stimulants for studying or anabolic steroids to improve their athletic performance.
To experiment. Young people often want to try new experiences, especially ones that they think are thrilling or daring.
Which young people are at risk for drug use? Different factors may raise a young person’s risk for drug use, including:
Stressful early life experiences, such child abuse, child sexual abuse, and other forms of trauma
Genetics
Prenatal exposure to alcohol or other drugs
Lack of parental supervision or monitoring
Having peers and/or friends who use drugs
What are the signs that a young person has a drug problem?
Changing friends a lot
Spending a lot of time alone
Losing interest in favorite things
Not taking care of themselves - for example, not taking showers, changing clothes, or brushing their teeth
Being really tired and sad
Eating more or eating less than usual
Being very energetic, talking fast, or saying things that don’t make sense
Being in a bad mood
Quickly changing between feeling bad and feeling good
Missing important appointments
Having problems at school - missing class, getting bad grades
Having problems in personal or family relationships
Lying and stealing
Memory lapses, poor concentration, lack of coordination, slurred speech, etc.
Can drug use in young people be prevented? Drug use and addiction are preventable. Prevention programs involving families, schools, communities, and the media may prevent or reduce drug use and addiction. These programs include education and outreach to help people understand the risks of drug use.
You can help prevent your children from using drugs through:
Good communication with your children
Encouragement, so your children can build confidence and a strong sense of self. It also helps parents promote cooperation and reduce conflict.
Teaching your children problem-solving skills
Setting limits, to teach your children self-control and responsibility, provide safe boundaries, and show them that you care
Supervision, which helps parents recognize developing problems, promote safety, and stay involved
Knowing your children’s friends
NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse
Also known as: Adolescent drug use.
Related topics: Adolescent Drug Use, Substance Use, Teen Drug Abuse.
Categories: Children and Teenagers, Substance Use and Disorders.
Source: National Institutes of Health — National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Key Takeaways
Understanding drugs and young people is an important part of taking charge of your health. Here is what to remember:
- Know the signs — Recognizing early symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.
- Talk to your provider — If you have concerns or a family history of this condition, bring it up at your next checkup.
- Stay informed — Medical knowledge evolves. Keep learning and asking questions.
- You are not alone — Many people deal with this condition. Support groups and educational resources can help.