Before we begin: A disability is any condition of the body or mind that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities and interact with the world around them.
This tutorial walks you through everything you need to know about disabilities. We explain it in plain language, step by step, so whether you are a student, a patient, or simply curious, you will come away with a solid understanding.
We cover what it is, why it matters, how it is diagnosed, and what you can do about it. Key facts are called out along the way.
What are disabilities? A disability is any condition of your body or mind that makes it more difficult for you to do one or more major life activities and interact with the world around you.
There are many types of disabilities, such as those that can affect your:
Vision
Hearing
Movement
Thinking
Remembering
Learning
Communicating
Development
Mental health
Social relationships
More than 1 in 4 adults in the United States have some type of disability. Even though they all have disabilities, they can have a wide range of needs. For example, even people who have same type of disability can be affected in very different ways. Also, some disabilities are “visible” (easy to see), for example when someone is in a wheelchair. But other disabilities are “invisible” (hidden or not easy to see), such as problems with hearing, thinking, or learning.
What causes disabilities? Disabilities can have different causes. Some disabilities are present at birth, while others may happen later in life.
Causes of disabilities that are present at birth can include:
Disorders in single genes, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Disorders of chromosomes, such as Down syndrome
Exposures (before birth) to infections or substances, such as drugs, alcohol, or cigarettes
Causes of disabilities that happen later in life can include:
Injuries, such as spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), and back injuries
Chronic (long-lasting) diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, COPD, and arthritis
Cancer
Mental health problems
Stroke
Alzheimer’s disease and other causes of dementia
How can disabilities affect your health? Having a disability does not mean a person cannot be healthy. In fact, many people with disabilities report that their health as good or better. But they may have or be at risk of health problems related to their disability, called “secondary conditions.” These conditions may include:
Bowel or bladder problems
Chronic pain
Diabetes
Fatigue
Heart disease
Injuries
Mental health problems, including depression and substance use disorders
Overweight and obesity
Pressure sores or ulcers
Many of these conditions can be prevented, and there are treatments for them. It’s also important for people with disabilities to get health care that meets their needs as a whole person, not just as a person with a disability.
How can people with disabilities get and stay healthy? Just like for people who don’t have a disability, having a healthy lifestyle is important for people who do have a disability. A healthy lifestyle includes:
Getting regular physical activity
Eating healthy foods in healthy portions
Limiting sun exposure and using sunscreen to prevent skin cancer
Not smoking, and if needed, getting help to quit smoking
Using medicines wisely
Not drinking alcohol or drinking in moderation
Getting help for any substance use or mental health problems
Staying in touch with family and friends
What kinds of resources are there for people with disabilities? Managing a disability can sometimes be challenging. There are resources that can help:
Assistive devices and mobility aids can make daily tasks easier.
Schools can develop plans around the specific needs of a child with a disability. The goal of the plans is to give the child an opportunity to perform at the same level as other children their age.
Support networks, such as disability organizations, can help you learn more about resources for you and your family. Support groups can help you connect with other people who have the same disability. They can provide emotional and social support. They are also a place where people can share tips about how to deal with day-to-day challenges.
Government programs may provide benefits, job training, employment resources, and protection against discrimination.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Categories: Social/Family Issues.
Key Takeaways
Understanding disabilities is an important part of taking charge of your health. Here is what to remember:
- Know the signs — Recognizing early symptoms can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.
- Talk to your provider — If you have concerns or a family history of this condition, bring it up at your next checkup.
- Stay informed — Medical knowledge evolves. Keep learning and asking questions.
- You are not alone — Many people deal with this condition. Support groups and educational resources can help.