Sumatriptan (4 brand names, 2 dosage forms, 2 routes)
Available dosage forms: SPRAY, TABLET.
Routes of administration: NASAL, ORAL.
Brand Names
- IMITREX
- SUMATRIPTAN
- SUMATRIPTAN; NAPROXEN SODIUM
- TOSYMRA
Indications and Usage
Sumatriptan Injection, USP is indicated in adults for (1) the acute treatment of migraine, with or without aura, and (2) the acute treatment of cluster headache. Limitations of Use: • Use only if a clear diagnosis of migraine or cluster headache has been established. If a patient has no response to the first migraine or cluster headache attack treated with Sumatriptan Injection, reconsider the diagnosis before Sumatriptan Injection is administered to treat any subsequent attacks.• Sumatriptan Injection is not indicated for the prevention of migraine attacks or cluster headache attacks.
Contraindications
Sumatriptan Injection is contraindicated in patients with:• Ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD) (angina pectoris, history of myocardial infarction, or documented silent ischemia) or coronary artery vasospasm, including Prinzmetal’s angina [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or arrhythmias associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. • History of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) or History of hemiplegic or basilar migraine because these patients are at a higher risk of stroke [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].• Peripheral vascular disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]. • Ischemic bowel disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]. • Uncontrolled hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]. • Recent use (i.e., within 24 hours) of ergotamine-containing medication, ergot-type medication (such as dihydroergotamine or methysergide), or another 5-hydroxytryptamine1 (5-HT1) agonist [see Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.3)]. • Concurrent administration of a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A inhibitor or recent (within 2 weeks) use of an MAO-A inhibitor [see Drug Interactions (7.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. • Hypersensitivity to sumatriptan (angioedema and anaphylaxis seen) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]. • Severe hepatic impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Adverse Reactions
The following serious adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in the labeling: • Myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, and Prinzmetal’s angina [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] • Arrhythmias [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] • Chest, throat, neck, and/or jaw pain/tightness/pressure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] • Cerebrovascular events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] • Other vasospasm reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] • Medication overuse headache [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] • Serotonin syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] • Increase in blood pressure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)] • Hypersensitivity reactions [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] • Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]
Mechanism of Action
Sumatriptan binds with high affinity to human cloned 5-HT1B/1D receptors. Sumatriptan presumably exerts its therapeutic effects in the treatment of migraine and cluster headaches through agonist effects at the 5-HT1B/1D receptors on intracranial blood vessels and sensory nerves of the trigeminal system, which result in cranial vessel constriction and inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.
Overdosage
Coronary vasospasm was observed after intravenous administration of sumatriptan injection [see Contraindications (4)]. Overdoses would be expected from animal data (dogs at 0.1 g/kg, rats at 2 g/kg) to possibly cause convulsions, tremor, inactivity, erythema of the extremities, reduced respiratory rate, cyanosis, ataxia, mydriasis, injection site reactions (desquamation, hair loss, and scab formation), and paralysis. The elimination half-life of sumatriptan is about 2 hours [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]; therefore, monitoring of patients after overdose with sumatriptan injection should continue for at least 10 hours or while symptoms or signs persist. It is unknown what effect hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis has on the serum concentrations of sumatriptan.