Nivolumab (3 brand names, 2 dosage forms, 3 routes)
Available dosage forms: INJECTABLE, SOLUTION.
Routes of administration: INJECTION, SUBCUTANEOUS, INTRAVENOUS.
Brand Names
- OPDIVO
- OPDIVO QVANTIG
- OPDUALAG
Indications and Usage
OPDUALAG™ is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age or older with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.
Contraindications
None.
Adverse Reactions
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling. •Severe and Fatal IMARs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] •Infusion-Related Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] •Complications of Allogeneic HSCT [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
Mechanism of Action
Relatlimab is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds to the LAG-3 receptor, blocks interaction with its ligands, including MHC II, and reduces LAG-3 pathway-mediated inhibition of the immune response. Antagonism of this pathway promotes T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. Binding of the PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, to the PD-1 receptor found on T cells, inhibits T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Upregulation of PD-1 ligands occurs in some tumors, and signaling through this pathway can contribute to inhibition of active T-cell immune surveillance of tumors. Nivolumab is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds to the PD-1 receptor, blocks interaction with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, and reduces PD-1 pathway-mediated inhibition of the immune response, including the anti-tumor immune response. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, blocking PD-1 activity resulted in decreased tumor growth. The combination of nivolumab (anti-PD-1) and relatlimab (anti-LAG-3) results in increased T-cell activation compared to the activity of either antibody alone. In murine syngeneic tumor models, LAG-3 blockade potentiates the anti-tumor activity of PD-1 blockage, inhibiting tumor growth and promoting tumor regression.