Latanoprost (5 brand names, 3 dosage forms, 1 route)
Available dosage forms: SOLUTION/DROPS, EMULSION, SOLUTION.
Routes of administration: OPHTHALMIC.
Brand Names
- IYUZEH
- LATANOPROST
- ROCKLATAN
- XALATAN
- XELPROS
Indications and Usage
Latanoprost ophthalmic solution is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Dosage and Administration
The recommended dosage is one drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening. If one dose is missed, treatment should continue with the next dose as normal. The dosage of latanoprost ophthalmic solution should not exceed once daily; the combined use of two or more prostaglandins, or prostaglandin analogs including latanoprost ophthalmic solution is not recommended. It has been shown that administration of these prostaglandin drug products more than once daily may decrease the IOP lowering effect or cause paradoxical elevations in IOP. Reduction of the IOP starts approximately 3 to 4 hours after administration and the maximum effect is reached after 8 to 12 hours. latanoprost ophthalmic solution may be used concomitantly with other topical ophthalmic drug products to lower IOP. In vitro studies have shown that precipitation occurs when eye drops containing thimerosal are mixed with latanoprost ophthalmic solution. If more than one topical ophthalmic drug is being used, the drugs should be administered at least five (5) minutes apart. Contact lenses should be removed prior to the administration of latanoprost ophthalmic solution, and may be reinserted 15 minutes after administration.
Contraindications
Known hypersensitivity to latanoprost, benzalkonium chloride, or any other ingredients in this product.
Adverse Reactions
The following adverse reactions were reported in postmarketing experience and are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label: Iris pigmentation changes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Eyelid skin darkening [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Eyelash changes (increased length, thickness, pigmentation, and number of lashes) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Intraocular inflammation (iritis/uveitis) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Macular edema, including cystoid macular edema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
Mechanism of Action
Latanoprost is a prostaglandin F 2α analogue that is believed to reduce the IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. Studies in animals and man suggest that the main mechanism of action is increased uveoscleral outflow. Elevated IOP represents a major risk factor for glaucomatous field loss. The higher the level of IOP, the greater the likelihood of optic nerve damage and visual field loss.
Overdosage
IV infusion of up to 3 mcg/kg of latanoprost in healthy volunteers produced mean plasma concentrations 200 times higher than during clinical treatment with latanoprost ophthalmic solution and no adverse reactions were observed. IV dosages of 5.5 to 10 mcg/kg caused abdominal pain, dizziness, fatigue, hot flushes, nausea, and sweating. If overdosage with latanoprost ophthalmic solution occurs, treatment should be symptomatic.