Chloramphenicol (14 brand names, 7 dosage forms, 5 routes)
Available dosage forms: OINTMENT, SOLUTION/DROPS, FOR SOLUTION, INJECTABLE, FOR SUSPENSION, CREAM, CAPSULE.
Routes of administration: OPHTHALMIC, INJECTION, OTIC, TOPICAL, ORAL.
Brand Names
- CHLORAMPHENICOL
- CHLOROFAIR
- CHLOROMYCETIN
- CHLOROMYCETIN HYDROCORTISONE
- CHLOROMYXIN
- CHLOROPTIC
- CHLOROPTIC S.O.P.
- CHLOROPTIC-P S.O.P.
- ECONOCHLOR
- ELASE-CHLOROMYCETIN
- MYCHEL
- OPHTHOCHLOR
- OPHTHOCORT
- OPTOMYCIN
Indications and Usage
INDICATIONS: Chloramphenicol Tablets are recommended for oral treatment of the following conditions in dogs: Bacterial pulmonary infections caused by susceptible microorganisms such as: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Brucella bronchiseptica. Infections of the urinary tract caused by susceptible microorganisms such as: Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Corynebacterium renale, Streptococcus spp., and hemolytic Staphylococcus. Enteritis caused by susceptible microorganisms such as: E. coli, Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Infections associated with canine distemper caused by susceptible microorganisms such as: B. bronchiseptica, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Shigella spp. and Neisseria catarrhalis. Additional adjunctive therapy should be used when indicated. Most susceptible infectious disease organisms will respond to chloramphenicol therapy in three to five days when the recommended dosage regimen is followed. If no response to chloramphenicol therapy is obtained in three to five days, discontinue its use and review the diagnosis. Also, a change of therapy should be considered. Laboratory tests should be conducted including in vitro culturing and susceptibility tests on samples collected prior to treatment.
Dosage and Administration
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Dogs-25 mg/lb body weight every 6 hours for oral administration.
Contraindications
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Because of potential antagonism, chloramphenicol should not be administered simultaneously with penicillin or streptomycin.
Warnings and Precautions
HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS: This antibiotic contains a chemical structure (nitrobenzene group) that is characteristic of a group of drugs long known to depress hematopoietic activity of the bone marrow (54). In vitro-tissue culture studies using canine bone marrow cells have demonstrated that extremely high concentrations of chloramphenicol inhibit both uptake of iron by the nucleated red cells and incorporation of iron into heme (55). Chloramphenicol products should not be administered in conjunction with or two hours prior to the induction of general anesthesia with pentobarbitol because of prolonged recovery time. Chloramphenicol products should not be administered to dogs maintained for breeding purposes. Some experiments indicate that chloramphenicol causes, in experimental animals, particularly females, significant disorders in morphology as well as in function of the gonads.
Adverse Reactions
ADVERSE REACTIONS: Certain individual dogs may exhibit transient vomiting or diarrhea after an oral dose of 25 mg/lb body weight (49). The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) contains more detailed occupational safety information. To report suspected adverse drug events, for technical assistance or to obtain a copy of the SDS, contact Bimeda, Inc. at 1-888-524-6332. For additional information about adverse drug experience reporting for animal drugs, contact FDA at 1-88-FDA-VETS or online at www.fda.gov/reportanimalae.