Source: National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) — Content from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (public domain).
Key points
* Typhoid fever vaccines can help prevent and control typhoid fever, in addition to standard prevention measures like clean water access, adequate sanitation, and good hygiene.
* CDC works with partners and countries worldwide to support typhoid fever vaccine use in outbreak settings and in national immunization programs.
Typhoid fever vaccines 
A health worker holds a vial of typhoid conjugate vaccine in Nepal. ©UNICEF/U.S.CDC/UNO66579/Ngakhusi Typhoid fever vaccines are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for use in areas where:
* Typhoid fever regularly occurs
* Typhoid fever outbreaks are occurring
Different types of typhoid fever vaccines may be used, including typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCV). Compared to other typhoid vaccines, TCV:
* is highly effective
* offers years of protection
* can be used in young children
WHO recommends one dose for people ages 6 months to 45 years in areas where typhoid fever regularly occurs. Keep Reading: Preventing Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever The need for vaccination is growing Several strains of the bacteria that cause typhoid fever have become resistant to multiple antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant infections can be difficult, and sometimes impossible, to treat. Use of TCV can prevent infection, including with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The need for TCV use continues to increase as antibiotic-strains continue to emerge. How CDC supports typhoid fever vaccine use CDC works with partners and countries around the world to support TCV use by:
* Documenting the burden of typhoid fever and the magnitude of antibiotic resistance for national decision-making
* Supporting TCV introduction into national routine immunization programs
* Evaluating the best practices for TCV use in outbreak responses
* Understanding and addressing barriers to vaccination in countries where typhoid fever regularly occurs
As of December 2023, six countries use TCV in childhood vaccine programs: Liberia, Malawi, Nepal, Pakistan, Samoa, Zimbabwe.