Nagakesara — Ironwood Tree

Ayurvedic herb Nagakesara (Mesua ferrea) — Ironwood Tree. Pharmacological properties: Rasa Kashaya, Virya Ushna, Vipaka Katu. Balances Pitta, Kapha.

Ayurvedic Herbs A–Z 1 min read
This content is for informational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional.

Used primarily in bleeding disorders due to its astringent and hemostatic properties. It is also good for the skin.

ⓘ Information
PropertyValueDescription
RasaKashayaKashaya (Astringent) — drying, absorbent, wound-healing
GunaLaghu, RukshaLaghu (Light) — easy to digest, promotes lightness; Ruksha (Dry) — absorbs moisture, drying
ViryaUshnaUshna (Hot) — heating, increases metabolism and Pitta
VipakaKatuKatu (Pungent) — post-digestive pungent, lightening
PrabhavaRaktastambhana, DeepanaRaktastambhana; Deepana — kindles digestive fire without digesting ama

Sanskrit Synonyms

In the classical Ayurvedic texts, Nagakesara is known by the following Sanskrit names:

Nagapushpa, Champeya, Ibha, Keshara

Parts Used

The medicinal parts of Nagakesara are: pumkeshara.

Main Indications

Nagakesara is indicated in Ayurveda for the following conditions:

Raktapitta, Arsha, Pradara, Trishna, Chhardi.

Dosha Effects

Nagakesara pacifies Pitta, Kapha.

It may aggravate Vata when used in excess or in sensitive individuals.

Usage

Nagakesara is used in classical Ayurvedic formulations. Consult a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner for appropriate dosage and preparation based on your constitution (Prakriti) and current imbalance (Vikriti).

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API)

Source: Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India — Government of India, Ministry of AYUSH

Rasa (Taste)Tikta, Kauu, Kaṣ¡ya
Guna (Quality)Laghu, Rūkṣa
Virya (Potency)Uṣḍa
Vipaka (Post-digestive effect)Kauu
Karma (Action)Kaphahara, Varḍya, Vastiv¡t¡mayaghna, Írdhvajatrugatarogahara 179
Dose1-3 g of the drug in powder form.
Therapeutic Uses: V¡tarakta, śopharoga, Vastiroga, Raktapitta
Important Formulations: Candanabal¡l¡kṣ¡di Taila, Kum¡ry¡sava, N¡gakesar¡di
Botanical Name: Mesua ferrea Linn. (Guttiferae)
Part Used: Stmn.

Therapeutic Uses (IMPPAT Database)

Source: Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry And Therapeutics (IMPPAT) v1.0 — CC BY 4.0

Part UsedTherapeutic UseIdentifiersReferences
aerial partCardiovascular diseasesMESH:D002318,UMLS:C0007222, DOID:1287, ICD-11:BE2ZISBN:9770972795006
aerial partDiureticsMESH:D004232,UMLS:C0012798, ICD-11:XM4D06ISBN:9770972795006
barkAnemiaMESH:D000740,UMLS:C0002871, DOID:2355, ICD-11:3A9ZISBN:9770972795006
barkAnti-inflammatory agentsMESH:D000893,UMLS:C0003209, ICD-11:XM7XD1ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172362461
barkAntioxidantsMESH:D000975,UMLS:C0003402ISBN:9770972795006
barkAntitussive agentsMESH:D000996,UMLS:C0003449ISBN:9770972795006
barkAppetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9770972795006
barkAstringentsMESH:D001252,UMLS:C0004110, ICD-11:XM0VK6ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361266, ISBN:9788172363178
barkCatharticsMESH:D002400,UMLS:C0007422, ICD-11:XM6GE9ISBN:9770972795006
barkDiarrheaMESH:D003967,UMLS:C0011991, DOID:13250, ICD-11:ME05.1ISBN:9770972795006
barkExpectorantsMESH:D005100,UMLS:C0015314ISBN:9770972795006
barkFertility agentsMESH:D005299,UMLS:C0015896ISBN:9770972795006
barkFlatulenceMESH:D005414,UMLS:C0016204, ICD-11:ME08ISBN:9770972795006
barkHemolysisMESH:D006461,UMLS:C0019054, ICD-11:MA16.00ISBN:9770972795006
barkHemorrhoidsMESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.ZISBN:9770972795006
barkHypohidrosisMESH:D007007,UMLS:C0020620, DOID:11155, ICD-11:EE01.ZISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361266, ISBN:9788172363178
barkWound healingMESH:D014945,UMLS:C0043240ISBN:9770972795006
flowerAbortifacient agentsMESH:D000019,UMLS:C0000782, ICD-11:JA00.1ISBN:9770972795006
flowerAnalgesicsMESH:D000700,UMLS:C0002771, ICD-11:XM49F7ISBN:9788173717055
flowerAnthelminticsMESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0ISBN:9788172362461, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerAnti-bacterial agentsMESH:D000900,UMLS:C0279516, ICD-11:XM8XH0ISBN:9780387706375, ISBN:9788172362461
flowerAnticonvulsantsMESH:D000927,UMLS:C0003286, ICD-11:XM07T3ISBN:9770972795006
flowerAntidotesMESH:D000931,UMLS:C0003295, ICD-11:XM1S43ISBN:9788173717055
flowerAntiemeticsMESH:D000932,UMLS:C0003297, ICD-11:XM4VY6ISBN:9770972795006
flowerAntifungal agentsMESH:D000935,UMLS:C0003308, ICD-11:XM83G4ISBN:9780387706375, ISBN:9788172362461
flowerAnti-inflammatory agentsMESH:D000893,UMLS:C0003209, ICD-11:XM7XD1ISBN:9780387706375
flowerAntioxidantsMESH:D000975,UMLS:C0003402ISBN:9770972795006
flowerAntipruriticsMESH:D000982,UMLS:C0003417, ICD-11:EC90ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerAntipyreticsMESH:D058633,UMLS:C0003419, ICD-11:XM1RS7ISBN:9788173717055
flowerAntitussive agentsMESH:D000996,UMLS:C0003449ISBN:9770972795006
flowerAphrodisiacsMESH:D001046,UMLS:C0003567ISBN:9788173717055
flowerAppetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361266, ISBN:9788172363178, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerArthralgiaMESH:D018771,UMLS:C0003862, ICD-11:ME82ISBN:9770972795006
flowerAsthmaMESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerAstringentsMESH:D001252,UMLS:C0004110, ICD-11:XM0VK6ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9780387706375, ISBN:9788172361266, ISBN:9788172363178
flowerBronchitisMESH:D001991,UMLS:C0006277, DOID:6132, ICD-11:CA20ISBN:9770972795006
flowerCardiotonic agentsMESH:D002316,UMLS:C0007209, ICD-11:XM91S1ISBN:9788173717055
flowerContraceptive agentsMESH:D003270,UMLS:C0009871ISBN:9788172362461
flowerContraceptives, oralMESH:D003276,UMLS:C0029151ISBN:9770972795006
flowerCoughMESH:D003371,UMLS:C0010200, ICD-11:MD12ISBN:9788172361266, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerDiarrheaMESH:D003967,UMLS:C0011991, DOID:13250, ICD-11:ME05.1ISBN:9770972795006
flowerDiureticsMESH:D004232,UMLS:C0012798, ICD-11:XM4D06ISBN:9788173717055
flowerDysenteryMESH:D004403,UMLS:C0277526, DOID:12384, ICD-11:1A40.ZISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9780387706375, ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788172361266, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerDysentery, amebicMESH:D004404,UMLS:C0013370, ICD-11:1A36.00ISBN:9788172362461
flowerDyspepsiaMESH:D004415,UMLS:C0013395, ICD-11:DD90.3ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172362461
flowerEdemaMESH:D004487,UMLS:C0013604, ICD-11:MG29.1ISBN:9770972795006
flowerErectile dysfunctionMESH:D007172,UMLS:C0242350, ICD-11:HA01.1ISBN:9788173717055
flowerExpectorantsMESH:D005100,UMLS:C0015314ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361266, ISBN:9788172363178, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerEye diseasesMESH:D005128,UMLS:C0015397, DOID:5614, ICD-11:9E1ZISBN:9770972795006
flowerFertility agentsMESH:D005299,UMLS:C0015896ISBN:9770972795006
flowerFeverMESH:D005334,UMLS:C0015967, ICD-11:MG26ISBN:9788172362461, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerFlatulenceMESH:D005414,UMLS:C0016204, ICD-11:ME08ISBN:9788173717055
flowerGastritisMESH:D005756,UMLS:C0017152, DOID:4029, ICD-11:DA42ISBN:9770972795006
flowerGoutMESH:D006073,UMLS:C0018099, DOID:13189, ICD-11:FA25ISBN:9770972795006
flowerHalitosisMESH:D006209,UMLS:C0018520, ICD-11:MD94ISBN:9788173717055
flowerHeadacheMESH:D006261,UMLS:C0018681, ICD-11:8A81.ZISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerHeart diseasesMESH:D006331,UMLS:C0018799, DOID:114, ICD-11:BC4ZISBN:9788173717055
flowerHematologic diseasesMESH:D006402,UMLS:C0018939, DOID:74, ICD-11:3C0ZISBN:9770972795006
flowerHemoptysisMESH:D006469,UMLS:C0019079, ICD-11:MD22ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerHemorrhageMESH:D006470,UMLS:C0019080, ICD-11:MG27ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerHemorrhoidsMESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.ZISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361266
flowerHemostasisMESH:D006487,UMLS:C0019116ISBN:9788173717055
flowerHiccupMESH:D006606,UMLS:C0019521, ICD-11:MD11.6ISBN:9788173717055
flowerHypohidrosisMESH:D007007,UMLS:C0020620, DOID:11155, ICD-11:EE01.ZISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerKidney diseasesMESH:D007674,UMLS:C0022658, DOID:557, ICD-11:GC2ZISBN:9788172362461
flowerLeprosyMESH:D007918,UMLS:C0023343, DOID:1024, ICD-11:1B20ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerLeukorrheaMESH:D007973,UMLS:C0023533, DOID:3766, ICD-11:MF3AISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerLipid peroxidationMESH:D015227,UMLS:C0023775ISBN:9770972795006
flowerLiver diseasesMESH:D008107,UMLS:C0023895, DOID:409, ICD-11:SA0ZISBN:9770972795006
flowerMetrorrhagiaMESH:D008796,UMLS:C0025874, ICD-11:GA22ISBN:9780387706375
flowerPainMESH:D010146,UMLS:C0030193, ICD-11:MG3ZISBN:9788172361266, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerParasympatholyticsMESH:D010276,UMLS:C0030511, ICD-11:XM3A77ISBN:9770972795006
flowerPoliomyelitisMESH:D011051,UMLS:C0032371, DOID:4953, ICD-11:1C81ISBN:9770972795006
flowerScabiesMESH:D012532,UMLS:C0036262, DOID:8295, ICD-11:1G04ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerScorpion stingsMESH:D065008,UMLS:C0238417, ICD-11:NE61ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361266
flowerSkin diseasesMESH:D012871,UMLS:C0037274, DOID:37, ICD-11:EM0ZISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717055
flowerSnake bitesMESH:D012909,UMLS:C0037379ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361266
flowerStomach diseasesMESH:D013272,UMLS:C0038354, DOID:76, ICD-11:DA4YISBN:9770972795006
flowerThirstMESH:D013894ISBN:9788173717055
flowerUlcerMESH:D014456,UMLS:C0041582ISBN:9788173717055
flowerUrinary tract infectionsMESH:D014552,UMLS:C0042029, DOID:0080784, ICD-11:GC08ISBN:9770972795006
flowerUrination disordersMESH:D014555,UMLS:C0042035, ICD-11:GB0YISBN:9788173717055
flowerVomitingMESH:D014839,UMLS:C0042963, ICD-11:MD90.1ISBN:9788173717055
flowerWound healingMESH:D014945,UMLS:C0043240ISBN:9770972795006
fruitAntifungal agentsMESH:D000935,UMLS:C0003308, ICD-11:XM83G4ISBN:9770972795006
fruitAntitussive agentsMESH:D000996,UMLS:C0003449ISBN:9770972795006
fruitAppetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9770972795006
fruitAstringentsMESH:D001252,UMLS:C0004110, ICD-11:XM0VK6ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172363178
fruitBronchitisMESH:D001991,UMLS:C0006277, DOID:6132, ICD-11:CA20ISBN:9770972795006
fruitCatharticsMESH:D002400,UMLS:C0007422, ICD-11:XM6GE9ISBN:9770972795006
fruitContraceptives, oralMESH:D003276,UMLS:C0029151ISBN:9770972795006
fruitDiarrheaMESH:D003967,UMLS:C0011991, DOID:13250, ICD-11:ME05.1ISBN:9770972795006
fruitExpectorantsMESH:D005100,UMLS:C0015314ISBN:9770972795006
fruitFlatulenceMESH:D005414,UMLS:C0016204, ICD-11:ME08ISBN:9770972795006
fruitGastritisMESH:D005756,UMLS:C0017152, DOID:4029, ICD-11:DA42ISBN:9770972795006
fruitGastrointestinal diseasesMESH:D005767,UMLS:C0017178, DOID:77, ICD-11:DE2ZISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172363178
fruitHemorrhoidsMESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.ZISBN:9770972795006
fruitHypohidrosisMESH:D007007,UMLS:C0020620, DOID:11155, ICD-11:EE01.ZISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361266
fruitMenorrhagiaMESH:D008595,UMLS:C0025323, ICD-11:GA20.50ISBN:9770972795006
fruitPoliomyelitisMESH:D011051,UMLS:C0032371, DOID:4953, ICD-11:1C81ISBN:9770972795006
fruitScorpion stingsMESH:D065008,UMLS:C0238417, ICD-11:NE61ISBN:9770972795006
leafAcne vulgarisMESH:D000152,UMLS:C0702166, DOID:6543, ICD-11:ED80.ZISBN:9770972795006
leafAntioxidantsMESH:D000975,UMLS:C0003402ISBN:9770972795006
leafAntitussive agentsMESH:D000996,UMLS:C0003449ISBN:9770972795006
leafAppetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9770972795006
leafAstringentsMESH:D001252,UMLS:C0004110, ICD-11:XM0VK6ISBN:9770972795006
leafCommon coldMESH:D003139,UMLS:C0009443, DOID:10459, ICD-11:CA00ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172363178
leafDiarrheaMESH:D003967,UMLS:C0011991, DOID:13250, ICD-11:ME05.1ISBN:9770972795006
leafExpectorantsMESH:D005100,UMLS:C0015314ISBN:9770972795006
leafHemorrhoidsMESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.ZISBN:9770972795006
leafHypohidrosisMESH:D007007,UMLS:C0020620, DOID:11155, ICD-11:EE01.ZISBN:9770972795006
leafInsect repellentsMESH:D007302,UMLS:C0021572ISBN:9770972795006
leafScorpion stingsMESH:D065008,UMLS:C0238417, ICD-11:NE61ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361266
leafSnake bitesMESH:D012909,UMLS:C0037379ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361266
leafWound healingMESH:D014945,UMLS:C0043240ISBN:9770972795006
rhizomeGoutMESH:D006073,UMLS:C0018099, DOID:13189, ICD-11:FA25ISBN:9770972795006
rootAppetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9770972795006
rootAstringentsMESH:D001252,UMLS:C0004110, ICD-11:XM0VK6ISBN:9770972795006
rootBronchitisMESH:D001991,UMLS:C0006277, DOID:6132, ICD-11:CA20ISBN:9770972795006
rootCatharticsMESH:D002400,UMLS:C0007422, ICD-11:XM6GE9ISBN:9770972795006
rootFertility agentsMESH:D005299,UMLS:C0015896ISBN:9770972795006
rootFlatulenceMESH:D005414,UMLS:C0016204, ICD-11:ME08ISBN:9770972795006
rootGastritisMESH:D005756,UMLS:C0017152, DOID:4029, ICD-11:DA42ISBN:9770972795006
rootSnake bitesMESH:D012909,UMLS:C0037379ISBN:9770972795006
seedAbortifacient agentsMESH:D000019,UMLS:C0000782, ICD-11:JA00.1ISBN:9770972795006
seedAnti-inflammatory agentsMESH:D000893,UMLS:C0003209, ICD-11:XM7XD1ISBN:9770972795006
seedAntioxidantsMESH:D000975,UMLS:C0003402ISBN:9770972795006
seedAntirheumatic agentsMESH:D018501,UMLS:C0003191, ICD-11:XM95N2ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172362461, ISBN:9788172363178
seedAntitussive agentsMESH:D000996,UMLS:C0003449ISBN:9770972795006
seedAppetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9770972795006
seedArthralgiaMESH:D018771,UMLS:C0003862, ICD-11:ME82ISBN:9770972795006
seedAsthmaMESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172362461
seedAstringentsMESH:D001252,UMLS:C0004110, ICD-11:XM0VK6ISBN:9770972795006
seedBronchitisMESH:D001991,UMLS:C0006277, DOID:6132, ICD-11:CA20ISBN:9770972795006
seedCatharticsMESH:D002400,UMLS:C0007422, ICD-11:XM6GE9ISBN:9770972795006
seedFlatulenceMESH:D005414,UMLS:C0016204, ICD-11:ME08ISBN:9770972795006
seedHemagglutinationMESH:D006384,UMLS:C0018903ISBN:9770972795006
seedHematologic diseasesMESH:D006402,UMLS:C0018939, DOID:74, ICD-11:3C0ZISBN:9770972795006
seedImmunomodulationMESH:D056747,UMLS:C1963758ISBN:9770972795006
seedMenorrhagiaMESH:D008595,UMLS:C0025323, ICD-11:GA20.50ISBN:9770972795006
seedMenstruation disturbancesMESH:D008599,UMLS:C0025345, ICD-11:GA20.30ISBN:9770972795006
seedParasympatholyticsMESH:D010276,UMLS:C0030511, ICD-11:XM3A77ISBN:9770972795006
seedScabiesMESH:D012532,UMLS:C0036262, DOID:8295, ICD-11:1G04ISBN:9770972795006
seedSkin diseasesMESH:D012871,UMLS:C0037274, DOID:37, ICD-11:EM0ZISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172363178
seedUlcerMESH:D014456,UMLS:C0041582ISBN:9770972795006
seedWounds and injuriesMESH:D014947,UMLS:C0043251ISBN:9770972795006
stemAppetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9770972795006
stemDiarrheaMESH:D003967,UMLS:C0011991, DOID:13250, ICD-11:ME05.1ISBN:9770972795006
stemDiureticsMESH:D004232,UMLS:C0012798, ICD-11:XM4D06ISBN:9770972795006
stemDysenteryMESH:D004403,UMLS:C0277526, DOID:12384, ICD-11:1A40.ZISBN:9788172363178
stemPregnancy complicationsMESH:D011248,UMLS:C0032962ISBN:9770972795006
stemStomach diseasesMESH:D013272,UMLS:C0038354, DOID:76, ICD-11:DA4YISBN:9770972795006
whole plant excluding rootDiureticsMESH:D004232,UMLS:C0012798, ICD-11:XM4D06ISBN:9770972795006
whole plant excluding rootHypertensionMESH:D006973,UMLS:C0020538, DOID:10763, ICD-11:BA00.ZISBN:9770972795006
AnthelminticsMESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0ISBN:9770972795006
Antirheumatic agentsMESH:D018501,UMLS:C0003191, ICD-11:XM95N2ISBN:9770972795006
Antitussive agentsMESH:D000996,UMLS:C0003449ISBN:9770972795006
AsthmaMESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23ISBN:9770972795006
Cardiotonic agentsMESH:D002316,UMLS:C0007209, ICD-11:XM91S1ISBN:9770972795006
Central nervous system diseasesMESH:D002493,UMLS:C0007682, DOID:331ISBN:9770972795006
CoughMESH:D003371,UMLS:C0010200, ICD-11:MD12ISBN:9770972795006
DiarrheaMESH:D003967,UMLS:C0011991, DOID:13250, ICD-11:ME05.1ISBN:9770972795006
Digestive system diseasesMESH:D004066,UMLS:C0012242, ICD-11:DE2ZISBN:9770972795006
DiureticsMESH:D004232,UMLS:C0012798, ICD-11:XM4D06ISBN:9770972795006
DyspepsiaMESH:D004415,UMLS:C0013395, ICD-11:DD90.3ISBN:9770972795006
Erectile dysfunctionMESH:D007172,UMLS:C0242350, ICD-11:HA01.1ISBN:9770972795006
GingivitisMESH:D005891,UMLS:C0017574, DOID:3087, ICD-11:DA0B.YISBN:9788172362461
Heart diseasesMESH:D006331,UMLS:C0018799, DOID:114, ICD-11:BC4ZISBN:9770972795006
Hematologic diseasesMESH:D006402,UMLS:C0018939, DOID:74, ICD-11:3C0ZISBN:9770972795006
HemorrhoidsMESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.ZISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172363178
HiccupMESH:D006606,UMLS:C0019521, ICD-11:MD11.6ISBN:9770972795006
HyperhidrosisMESH:D006945,UMLS:C0020458, ICD-11:EE00.ZISBN:9770972795006
InfertilityMESH:D007246,UMLS:C0021359, DOID:5223ISBN:9770972795006
LeukorrheaMESH:D007973,UMLS:C0023533, DOID:3766, ICD-11:MF3AISBN:9788172362461
Menstruation-inducing agentsMESH:D008600,UMLS:C0025346ISBN:9770972795006
Mental disordersMESH:D001523,UMLS:C0004936, ICD-11:6E8ZISBN:9770972795006
NeuralgiaMESH:D009437,UMLS:C0027796, ICD-11:MG30.5ZISBN:9770972795006
ParasympatholyticsMESH:D010276,UMLS:C0030511, ICD-11:XM3A77ISBN:9770972795006
Periodontal diseasesMESH:D010510,UMLS:C0031090, DOID:3388, ICD-11:DA0CISBN:9788172362461
Skin diseasesMESH:D012871,UMLS:C0037274, DOID:37, ICD-11:EM0ZISBN:9788173717055
Stomach diseasesMESH:D013272,UMLS:C0038354, DOID:76, ICD-11:DA4YISBN:9770972795006
ThirstMESH:D013894ISBN:9770972795006
Wound healingMESH:D014945,UMLS:C0043240ISBN:9770972795006