Meshashringi — Gymnema

Ayurvedic herb Meshashringi (Gymnema sylvestre) — Gymnema. Pharmacological properties: Rasa Tikta, Katu, Virya Sheeta, Vipaka Katu. Balances Kapha, Pitta.

Ayurvedic Herbs A–Z 1 min read
This content is for informational purposes only. Always consult a healthcare professional.

Known for regulating blood sugar and metabolism.

ⓘ Information
PropertyValueDescription
RasaTikta, KatuTikta (Bitter) — detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic; Katu (Pungent) — stimulates digestion, circulation, expectorant
GunaLaghuLaghu (Light) — easy to digest, promotes lightness
ViryaSheetaSheeta (Cold) — cooling, decreases Pitta and inflammation
VipakaKatuKatu (Pungent) — post-digestive pungent, lightening
PrabhavaPramehaghna, MedoharaPramehaghna; Medohara — reduces fat/cholesterol

Sanskrit Synonyms

In the classical Ayurvedic texts, Meshashringi is known by the following Sanskrit names:

Madhunashini, Ajasringi, Meshavalli

Parts Used

The medicinal parts of Meshashringi are: patra, moola.

Main Indications

Meshashringi is indicated in Ayurveda for the following conditions:

Prameha, Kushta, Krimi, Mutrakrichha, Visha.

Dosha Effects

Meshashringi pacifies Kapha, Pitta.

It may aggravate Vata when used in excess or in sensitive individuals.

Usage

Meshashringi is used in classical Ayurvedic formulations. Consult a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner for appropriate dosage and preparation based on your constitution (Prakriti) and current imbalance (Vikriti).

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API)

Source: Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India — Government of India, Ministry of AYUSH

Rasa (Taste)Tikta, Kaṣ¡ya
Guna (Quality)Rūkṣa, Laghu
Virya (Potency)Uṣḍa
Vipaka (Post-digestive effect)Kauu
Karma (Action)V¡tahara, Kaphahara, Viṣaghna, Dipana, Cakṣuṣya, Sraṇsana
Dose3-6 g
Therapeutic Uses: śv¡sa, K¡sa, śūla, Kuṣuha, Prameha, Krmi, Vraḍa, śopha, Ar¿a,
Important Formulations: Ayaskrti, Nyagrodh¡di Cūrḍa, Mah¡ Viṣagarbha Taila,
Botanical Name: Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae)
Part Used: Lf

Therapeutic Uses (IMPPAT Database)

Source: Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry And Therapeutics (IMPPAT) v1.0 — CC BY 4.0

Part UsedTherapeutic UseIdentifiersReferences
aerial partAntiviral agentsMESH:D000998,UMLS:C0003451ISBN:9770972795006
aerial partParasympatholyticsMESH:D010276,UMLS:C0030511, ICD-11:XM3A77ISBN:9788172360481
barkDiabetes mellitusMESH:D003920,UMLS:C0011849, DOID:9351, ICD-11:5A14ISBN:9770972795006
fruitAbdominal painMESH:D015746,UMLS:C0000737, SYMP:0000457, ICD-11:MD81.4ISBN:9770972795006
fruitAnti-arrhythmia agentsMESH:D000889,UMLS:C0003195, ICD-11:BC9ZISBN:9770972795006
fruitAppetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9770972795006
fruitBronchitisMESH:D001991,UMLS:C0006277, DOID:6132, ICD-11:CA20ISBN:9770972795006
fruitDiabetes mellitusMESH:D003920,UMLS:C0011849, DOID:9351, ICD-11:5A14ISBN:9770972795006
fruitDyspepsiaMESH:D004415,UMLS:C0013395, ICD-11:DD90.3ISBN:9770972795006
fruitHeart diseasesMESH:D006331,UMLS:C0018799, DOID:114, ICD-11:BC4ZISBN:9770972795006
fruitHepatomegalyMESH:D006529,UMLS:C0019209, ICD-11:ME10.00ISBN:9770972795006
fruitMalariaMESH:D008288,UMLS:C0024530, DOID:12365, ICD-11:1F4ZISBN:9770972795006
fruitSkin diseasesMESH:D012871,UMLS:C0037274, DOID:37, ICD-11:EM0ZISBN:9770972795006
fruitSplenic diseasesMESH:D013158,UMLS:C0037997, DOID:2529, ICD-11:3B8ZISBN:9770972795006
fruitUrination disordersMESH:D014555,UMLS:C0042035, ICD-11:GB0YISBN:9770972795006
fruitUrologic diseasesMESH:D014570,UMLS:C0042075ISBN:9770972795006
leafAbdominal painMESH:D015746,UMLS:C0000737, SYMP:0000457, ICD-11:MD81.4ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-1 Volume-9
leafAbscessMESH:D000038,UMLS:C0000833, SYMP:0000672, ICD-11:1B75.3ISBN:9770972795006, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-1 Volume-9
leafHair lossMESH:D000505,UMLS:C0002170, DOID:987, ICD-11:ED70ISBN:9770972795006
leafAnthelminticsMESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0ISBN:9770972795006
leafAnti-arrhythmia agentsMESH:D000889,UMLS:C0003195, ICD-11:BC9ZISBN:9770972795006
leafAnti-bacterial agentsMESH:D000900,UMLS:C0279516, ICD-11:XM8XH0ISBN:9770972795006
leafAntidiuretic agentsMESH:D050034,UMLS:C1563717ISBN:9770972795006
leafAntifungal agentsMESH:D000935,UMLS:C0003308, ICD-11:XM83G4ISBN:9770972795006
leafAntineoplastic agentsMESH:D000970,UMLS:C0003392ISBN:9770972795006
leafAnti-obesity agentsMESH:D019440,UMLS:C0376607, ICD-11:5B81The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-1 Volume-9
leafAntioxidantsMESH:D000975,UMLS:C0003402ISBN:9770972795006
leafAntiviral agentsMESH:D000998,UMLS:C0003451ISBN:9788172360481
leafAppetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9789327275590
leafAsthmaMESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23ISBN:9770972795006
leafBronchitisMESH:D001991,UMLS:C0006277, DOID:6132, ICD-11:CA20ISBN:9770972795006
leafCardiotonic agentsMESH:D002316,UMLS:C0007209, ICD-11:XM91S1ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
leafCardiovascular diseasesMESH:D002318,UMLS:C0007222, DOID:1287, ICD-11:BE2ZISBN:9770972795006
leafCatharticsMESH:D002400,UMLS:C0007422, ICD-11:XM6GE9ISBN:9788172360481
leafColicMESH:D003085,UMLS:C0232488, ICD-11:MD81.4ISBN:9770972795006
leafCommon coldMESH:D003139,UMLS:C0009443, DOID:10459, ICD-11:CA00ISBN:9770972795006
leafCoughMESH:D003371,UMLS:C0010200, ICD-11:MD12ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9789327275590
leafDiabetes mellitusMESH:D003920,UMLS:C0011849, DOID:9351, ICD-11:5A14Glimpses Of Medico-Botany Of Bastar District (M.P.), ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9780387706375, ISBN:9788172361266, ISBN:9788172362300, ISBN:9789327275590, Medicinal Plants Of Nagpur And Wardha Forest Divisions (Maharashtra), Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - III
leafDiureticsMESH:D004232,UMLS:C0012798, ICD-11:XM4D06ISBN:9788172360481, ISBN:9789327275590
leafDysenteryMESH:D004403,UMLS:C0277526, DOID:12384, ICD-11:1A40.ZISBN:9770972795006
leafDyspepsiaMESH:D004415,UMLS:C0013395, ICD-11:DD90.3ISBN:9770972795006
leafDyspneaMESH:D004417,UMLS:C0013404, ICD-11:MD11.5ISBN:9770972795006
leafDysuriaMESH:D053159,UMLS:C0013428, ICD-11:MF50.7ISBN:9770972795006
leafEye diseasesMESH:D005128,UMLS:C0015397, DOID:5614, ICD-11:9E1ZISBN:9770972795006
leafEye infectionsMESH:D015817,UMLS:C0015403, ICD-11:9C20.2Contribution To The Medico-Botany Of East Godavari And West Godavari Districts Of Andhra Pradesh
leafEye painMESH:D058447,UMLS:C0151827, ICD-11:MC16ISBN:9789327275590
leafGlycosuriaMESH:D006029,UMLS:C0017979, ICD-11:MF93ISBN:9788172360481, ISBN:9788172361266
leafHeadacheMESH:D006261,UMLS:C0018681, ICD-11:8A81.ZISBN:9770972795006, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-1 Volume-9
leafHeart diseasesMESH:D006331,UMLS:C0018799, DOID:114, ICD-11:BC4ZISBN:9770972795006, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - III
leafHemorrhageMESH:D006470,UMLS:C0019080, ICD-11:MG27ISBN:9770972795006
leafHepatomegalyMESH:D006529,UMLS:C0019209, ICD-11:ME10.00ISBN:9770972795006
leafHyperlipidemiasMESH:D006949,UMLS:C0020473, ICD-11:5C80.ZISBN:9770972795006
leafHypoglycemic agentsMESH:D007004,UMLS:C0020616ISBN:9788172360481, ISBN:9788172361150
leafInflammationMESH:D007249,UMLS:C0021368ISBN:9770972795006
leafInfluenza a virusMESH:D009980,UMLS:C0029347ISBN:9788172360481
leafInsecticidesMESH:D007306,UMLS:C0021576, ICD-11:XM3K66ISBN:9770972795006
leafLaxativesMESH:D054368,UMLS:C0282090, ICD-11:XM62T3ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9789327275590, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - III
leafLeprosyMESH:D007918,UMLS:C0023343, DOID:1024, ICD-11:1B20ISBN:9770972795006
leafLiver diseasesMESH:D008107,UMLS:C0023895, DOID:409, ICD-11:SA0ZISBN:9770972795006
leafMalariaMESH:D008288,UMLS:C0024530, DOID:12365, ICD-11:1F4ZISBN:9770972795006
leafMenstruation disturbancesMESH:D008599,UMLS:C0025345, ICD-11:GA20.30ISBN:9770972795006
leafNervous system diseasesMESH:D009422,UMLS:C0027765, DOID:863, ICD-11:8E7ZISBN:9770972795006
leafPainMESH:D010146,UMLS:C0030193, ICD-11:MG3ZISBN:9770972795006
leafParalysisMESH:D010243,UMLS:C0522224ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788173717048
leafPolyuriaMESH:D011141,UMLS:C0032617, ICD-11:MF55Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - III
leafGeneral tonic for rejuvenationMESH:D012060,UMLS:C0035016ISBN:9789327275590, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - III
leafSkin diseasesMESH:D012871,UMLS:C0037274, DOID:37, ICD-11:EM0ZISBN:9770972795006, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-1 Volume-9
leafSplenic diseasesMESH:D013158,UMLS:C0037997, DOID:2529, ICD-11:3B8ZISBN:9770972795006
leafStress, psychologicalMESH:D013315,UMLS:C0038443, ICD-11:QE01ISBN:9789327275590
leafUlcerMESH:D014456,UMLS:C0041582ISBN:9770972795006
leafUrinary tract infectionsMESH:D014552,UMLS:C0042029, DOID:0080784, ICD-11:GC08ISBN:9770972795006
leafUrination disordersMESH:D014555,UMLS:C0042035, ICD-11:GB0YISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9789327275590, Medicinal Plants Of Nagpur And Wardha Forest Divisions (Maharashtra), The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Part-1 Volume-9
leafUterine contractionMESH:D014590,UMLS:C0042130, ICD-11:GA16.YISBN:9789327275590
leafUterine diseasesMESH:D014591,UMLS:C0042131, DOID:345, ICD-11:GA1YMedicinal Plants Of Nagpur And Wardha Forest Divisions (Maharashtra)
leafVomitingMESH:D014839,UMLS:C0042963, ICD-11:MD90.1ISBN:9789327275590
leafWounds and injuriesMESH:D014947,UMLS:C0043251ISBN:9770972795006
rootAbdominal painMESH:D015746,UMLS:C0000737, SYMP:0000457, ICD-11:MD81.4ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
rootAnthelminticsMESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0ISBN:9770972795006
rootAnti-arrhythmia agentsMESH:D000889,UMLS:C0003195, ICD-11:BC9ZISBN:9770972795006
rootAntiemeticsMESH:D000932,UMLS:C0003297, ICD-11:XM4VY6ISBN:9780387706375
rootAppetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9780387706375, ISBN:9788172361150
rootAstringentsMESH:D001252,UMLS:C0004110, ICD-11:XM0VK6ISBN:9780387706375, ISBN:9788172361150
rootBites and stingsMESH:D001733,UMLS:C0005659ISBN:9770972795006
rootBronchitisMESH:D001991,UMLS:C0006277, DOID:6132, ICD-11:CA20ISBN:9770972795006
rootCommon coldMESH:D003139,UMLS:C0009443, DOID:10459, ICD-11:CA00ISBN:9770972795006
rootCoughMESH:D003371,UMLS:C0010200, ICD-11:MD12ISBN:9770972795006
rootDiabetes mellitusMESH:D003920,UMLS:C0011849, DOID:9351, ICD-11:5A14ISBN:9770972795006
rootDyspepsiaMESH:D004415,UMLS:C0013395, ICD-11:DD90.3ISBN:9770972795006
rootEmeticsMESH:D004639,UMLS:C0013973ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150, ISBN:9788172361266
rootExpectorantsMESH:D005100,UMLS:C0015314ISBN:9788172361150, ISBN:9788172361266
rootFeverMESH:D005334,UMLS:C0015967, ICD-11:MG26ISBN:9770972795006
rootHeart diseasesMESH:D006331,UMLS:C0018799, DOID:114, ICD-11:BC4ZISBN:9770972795006
rootHemorrhoidsMESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.ZISBN:9770972795006
rootHepatomegalyMESH:D006529,UMLS:C0019209, ICD-11:ME10.00ISBN:9770972795006
rootMalariaMESH:D008288,UMLS:C0024530, DOID:12365, ICD-11:1F4ZISBN:9770972795006
rootGeneral tonic for rejuvenationMESH:D012060,UMLS:C0035016ISBN:9788172361150
rootScorpion stingsMESH:D065008,UMLS:C0238417, ICD-11:NE61ISBN:9770972795006
rootSkin diseasesMESH:D012871,UMLS:C0037274, DOID:37, ICD-11:EM0ZISBN:9770972795006
rootSnake bitesMESH:D012909,UMLS:C0037379ISBN:9788183602525
rootSplenic diseasesMESH:D013158,UMLS:C0037997, DOID:2529, ICD-11:3B8ZISBN:9770972795006
rootUrination disordersMESH:D014555,UMLS:C0042035, ICD-11:GB0YISBN:9770972795006
rootCooling effect on bodyUMLS:C0678568ISBN:9788172361150
seedCommon coldMESH:D003139,UMLS:C0009443, DOID:10459, ICD-11:CA00ISBN:9788172361150
seedEmeticsMESH:D004639,UMLS:C0013973ISBN:9788172361150
seedEye infectionsMESH:D015817,UMLS:C0015403, ICD-11:9C20.2Contribution To The Medico-Botany Of East Godavari And West Godavari Districts Of Andhra Pradesh
shootDiabetes mellitusMESH:D003920,UMLS:C0011849, DOID:9351, ICD-11:5A14ISBN:9770972795006
stemCommon coldMESH:D003139,UMLS:C0009443, DOID:10459, ICD-11:CA00ISBN:9770972795006
stemDiabetes mellitusMESH:D003920,UMLS:C0011849, DOID:9351, ICD-11:5A14ISBN:9788172360481
stemFeverMESH:D005334,UMLS:C0015967, ICD-11:MG26ISBN:9770972795006
stemHemorrhoidsMESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.ZISBN:9770972795006
stemHypoglycemic agentsMESH:D007004,UMLS:C0020616ISBN:9788172360481
whole plantAnthelminticsMESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0ISBN:9770972795006
whole plantAntidotesMESH:D000931,UMLS:C0003295, ICD-11:XM1S43ISBN:9770972795006
whole plantAppetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9788172361150
whole plantAsthmaMESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23ISBN:9770972795006
whole plantBronchitisMESH:D001991,UMLS:C0006277, DOID:6132, ICD-11:CA20ISBN:9770972795006
whole plantDiabetes mellitusMESH:D003920,UMLS:C0011849, DOID:9351, ICD-11:5A14ISBN:9770972795006
whole plantDiureticsMESH:D004232,UMLS:C0012798, ICD-11:XM4D06ISBN:9788172361150
whole plantDyspepsiaMESH:D004415,UMLS:C0013395, ICD-11:DD90.3ISBN:9770972795006
whole plantEmeticsMESH:D004639,UMLS:C0013973ISBN:9770972795006
whole plantEye diseasesMESH:D005128,UMLS:C0015397, DOID:5614, ICD-11:9E1ZISBN:9770972795006
whole plantHeart diseasesMESH:D006331,UMLS:C0018799, DOID:114, ICD-11:BC4ZISBN:9770972795006
whole plantJaundiceMESH:D007565,UMLS:C0022346, ICD-11:ME10.1ISBN:9770972795006
whole plantKidney diseasesMESH:D007674,UMLS:C0022658, DOID:557, ICD-11:GC2ZISBN:9770972795006
whole plantLiver diseasesMESH:D008107,UMLS:C0023895, DOID:409, ICD-11:SA0ZISBN:9770972795006
whole plantParkinson diseaseMESH:D010300,UMLS:C0030567, DOID:14330, ICD-11:8A00.0ZISBN:9770972795006
whole plantSnake bitesMESH:D012909,UMLS:C0037379ISBN:9770972795006
whole plantTuberculosisMESH:D014376,UMLS:C0041296, DOID:399, ICD-11:1B1ZISBN:9770972795006
whole plantUlcerMESH:D014456,UMLS:C0041582ISBN:9770972795006
whole plantAntiperiodicISBN:9788172361150
AmenorrheaMESH:D000568,UMLS:C0002453, DOID:13938, ICD-11:GA20.0ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717048
AnalgesicsMESH:D000700,UMLS:C0002771, ICD-11:XM49F7ISBN:9788173717048
AnthelminticsMESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0ISBN:9788173717048
AntidotesMESH:D000931,UMLS:C0003295, ICD-11:XM1S43ISBN:9788173717048
Anti-inflammatory agentsMESH:D000893,UMLS:C0003209, ICD-11:XM7XD1ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788173717048
Antirheumatic agentsMESH:D018501,UMLS:C0003191, ICD-11:XM95N2ISBN:9788183602525
Appetite stimulantsMESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788173717048, ISBN:9789327275590
AsthmaMESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717048
BronchitisMESH:D001991,UMLS:C0006277, DOID:6132, ICD-11:CA20ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717048
Cardiotonic agentsMESH:D002316,UMLS:C0007209, ICD-11:XM91S1ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788173717048
Common coldMESH:D003139,UMLS:C0009443, DOID:10459, ICD-11:CA00ISBN:9788172361150
ConjunctivitisMESH:D003231,UMLS:C0009763, DOID:6195, ICD-11:9A60ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717048
ConstipationMESH:D003248,UMLS:C0009806, DOID:2089, ICD-11:ME05.0ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788183602525
CoughMESH:D003371,UMLS:C0010200, ICD-11:MD12ISBN:9788173717048, ISBN:9788183602525, ISBN:9789327275590
Diabetes mellitusMESH:D003920,UMLS:C0011849, DOID:9351, ICD-11:5A14ISBN:9788172361150, ISBN:9789327275590
DiureticsMESH:D004232,UMLS:C0012798, ICD-11:XM4D06ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9780387706375, ISBN:9788172361150, ISBN:9788173717048, ISBN:9789327275590
DyspepsiaMESH:D004415,UMLS:C0013395, ICD-11:DD90.3ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717048, ISBN:9788183602525
ExpectorantsMESH:D005100,UMLS:C0015314ISBN:9788173717048
Eye diseasesMESH:D005128,UMLS:C0015397, DOID:5614, ICD-11:9E1ZISBN:9788183602525
Eye infectionsMESH:D015817,UMLS:C0015403, ICD-11:9C20.2Contribution To The Medico-Botany Of East Godavari And West Godavari Districts Of Andhra Pradesh
Eye painMESH:D058447,UMLS:C0151827, ICD-11:MC16ISBN:9789327275590
FeverMESH:D005334,UMLS:C0015967, ICD-11:MG26ISBN:9788172361150, ISBN:9788173717048
Fractures, boneMESH:D050723,UMLS:C0016658, ICD-11:ND56.2ISBN:9788172360481
Heart diseasesMESH:D006331,UMLS:C0018799, DOID:114, ICD-11:BC4ZISBN:9788173717048
HelminthiasisMESH:D006373,UMLS:C0018889, ICD-11:1F90.ZISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717048
HemorrhageMESH:D006470,UMLS:C0019080, ICD-11:MG27ISBN:9788173717048
HepatomegalyMESH:D006529,UMLS:C0019209, ICD-11:ME10.00ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717048
Hypoglycemic agentsMESH:D007004,UMLS:C0020616ISBN:9788183602525
InflammationMESH:D007249,UMLS:C0021368ISBN:9788183602525
JaundiceMESH:D007565,UMLS:C0022346, ICD-11:ME10.1ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717048, ISBN:9788183602525
Kidney calculiMESH:D007669,UMLS:C0022650, ICD-11:GB70.0ISBN:9788171360536
LaxativesMESH:D054368,UMLS:C0282090, ICD-11:XM62T3ISBN:9788173717048, ISBN:9789327275590
LymphadenitisMESH:D008199,UMLS:C0024205, DOID:1602, ICD-11:BD90ISBN:9788172361150
ParasympatholyticsMESH:D010276,UMLS:C0030511, ICD-11:XM3A77ISBN:9770972795006
General tonic for rejuvenationMESH:D012060,UMLS:C0035016ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150, ISBN:9789327275590
SplenomegalyMESH:D013163,UMLS:C0038002, ICD-11:ME10.01ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788172361150
Stress, psychologicalMESH:D013315,UMLS:C0038443, ICD-11:QE01ISBN:9789327275590
UlcerMESH:D014456,UMLS:C0041582ISBN:9788183602525
Urinary bladder calculiMESH:D001744,UMLS:C0005683, ICD-11:GB71.0ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788173717048
Urination disordersMESH:D014555,UMLS:C0042035, ICD-11:GB0YISBN:9788173717048, ISBN:9789327275590
Uterine contractionMESH:D014590,UMLS:C0042130, ICD-11:GA16.YISBN:9789327275590
VitiligoMESH:D014820,UMLS:C0042900, DOID:12306, ICD-11:ED63.0ISBN:9788173717048
VomitingMESH:D014839,UMLS:C0042963, ICD-11:MD90.1ISBN:9780387706375, ISBN:9789327275590