Alarka — White Crown Flower

Ayurvedic herb Alarka (Calotropis procera) — White Crown Flower. Pharmacological properties: Rasa Katu, Tikta, Virya Ushna, Vipaka Katu. Balances Vata, Kapha.

Ayurvedic Herbs A–Z 1 min read

Calotropis procera is a white-flowered variety of Arka, sharing its potent purgative and skin-healing properties.

ⓘ Information

Property	Value	Description
Rasa	Katu, Tikta	Katu (Pungent) — stimulates digestion, circulation, expectorant; Tikta (Bitter) — detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic
Guna	Laghu, Tikshna	Laghu (Light) — easy to digest, promotes lightness; Tikshna (Sharp) — penetrating, stimulating
Virya	Ushna	Ushna (Hot) — heating, increases metabolism and Pitta
Vipaka	Katu	Katu (Pungent) — post-digestive pungent, lightening
Prabhava	Kushtaghna, Virechana	Kushtaghna — treats skin diseases; Virechana — purgative, therapeutic cleansing

Sanskrit Synonyms

In the classical Ayurvedic texts, Alarka is known by the following Sanskrit names:

Shveta-arka, Alarka, Ganarupa, Pratpasa

Parts Used

The medicinal parts of Alarka are: moola twak, patra, ksheera.

Main Indications

Alarka is indicated in Ayurveda for the following conditions:

Kushta, Kandu, Shotha, Krimi Vyadhi, Arsha, Gulma.

Dosha Effects

Alarka pacifies Vata, Kapha.

It may aggravate Pitta when used in excess or in sensitive individuals.

Usage

Alarka is used in classical Ayurvedic formulations. Consult a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner for appropriate dosage and preparation based on your constitution (Prakriti) and current imbalance (Vikriti).

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API)

Source: Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India — Government of India, Ministry of AYUSH

Rasa (Taste)Kauu, Tikta 16

Guna (Quality)Laghu

Virya (Potency)Uṣḍa

Vipaka (Post-digestive effect)Kauu

Karma (Action)Kaphav¡tahrt, Dipana, Bhedana, Krmighna, Vraḍahara, Viṣaghna, Kuṣuhaghna

Dose1-3 g of the drug for decoction

Therapeutic Uses: Kaḍtū, Kuṣuha, Krmiroga, Gulma, Udararoga, Vraḍa, śv¡sa

Important Formulations: Mah¡ Viṣagarbha Taila, Dh¡nvantara Ghrta

Botanical Name: Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae)

Part Used: Rt.

Therapeutic Uses (IMPPAT Database)

Source: Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry And Therapeutics (IMPPAT) v1.0 — CC BY 4.0

Part Used	Therapeutic Use	Identifiers	References
bark	Abdominal pain	MESH:D015746,UMLS:C0000737, SYMP:0000457, ICD-11:MD81.4	ISBN:9770972795006
bark	Anthelmintics	MESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0	ISBN:9770972795006
bark	Cathartics	MESH:D002400,UMLS:C0007422, ICD-11:XM6GE9	ISBN:9770972795006
bark	Fever	MESH:D005334,UMLS:C0015967, ICD-11:MG26	ISBN:9770972795006
bark	Hemorrhoids	MESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
bark	Leprosy	MESH:D007918,UMLS:C0023343, DOID:1024, ICD-11:1B20	ISBN:9770972795006
bark	Pruritus	MESH:D011537,UMLS:C0033774, ICD-11:EC90	ISBN:9770972795006
bark	Splenic diseases	MESH:D013158,UMLS:C0037997, DOID:2529, ICD-11:3B8Z	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9780387706375
bark	Wounds and injuries	MESH:D014947,UMLS:C0043251	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Abortifacient agents	MESH:D000019,UMLS:C0000782, ICD-11:JA00.1	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Analgesics	MESH:D000700,UMLS:C0002771, ICD-11:XM49F7	Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
flower	Anorexia	MESH:D000855,UMLS:C1971624, DOID:8689, ICD-11:MG43.7	ISBN:9788171360536
flower	Anthelmintics	MESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0	ISBN:9770972795006, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
flower	Anti-bacterial agents	MESH:D000900,UMLS:C0279516, ICD-11:XM8XH0	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Anti-infective agents	MESH:D000890,UMLS:C0003204, ICD-11:XM4TV0	ISBN:9788172360481
flower	Anti-inflammatory agents	MESH:D000893,UMLS:C0003209, ICD-11:XM7XD1	Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
flower	Appetite stimulants	MESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
flower	Asthma	MESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23	A Report On Medicinal Plants Of Kachchh (Gujarat), ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788172360481, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
flower	Bites and stings	MESH:D001733,UMLS:C0005659	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Cathartics	MESH:D002400,UMLS:C0007422, ICD-11:XM6GE9	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Cholera	MESH:D002771,UMLS:C0008354, DOID:1498, ICD-11:1A00	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Common cold	MESH:D003139,UMLS:C0009443, DOID:10459, ICD-11:CA00	A Report On Medicinal Plants Of Kachchh (Gujarat), ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788171360536, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
flower	Cough	MESH:D003371,UMLS:C0010200, ICD-11:MD12	A Report On Medicinal Plants Of Kachchh (Gujarat), ISBN:9770972795006, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
flower	Digestive system diseases	MESH:D004066,UMLS:C0012242, ICD-11:DE2Z	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150
flower	Dyspepsia	MESH:D004415,UMLS:C0013395, ICD-11:DD90.3	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Earache	MESH:D004433,UMLS:C0013456, ICD-11:AB70.2	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Emetics	MESH:D004639,UMLS:C0013973	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Expectorants	MESH:D005100,UMLS:C0015314	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Fever	MESH:D005334,UMLS:C0015967, ICD-11:MG26	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Gastrointestinal diseases	MESH:D005767,UMLS:C0017178, DOID:77, ICD-11:DE2Z	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Gonorrhea	MESH:D006069,UMLS:C0018081, DOID:7551, ICD-11:1A7Z	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Headache	MESH:D006261,UMLS:C0018681, ICD-11:8A81.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Hemorrhage	MESH:D006470,UMLS:C0019080, ICD-11:MG27	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
flower	Hemorrhoids	MESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Liver diseases	MESH:D008107,UMLS:C0023895, DOID:409, ICD-11:SA0Z	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Malaria	MESH:D008288,UMLS:C0024530, DOID:12365, ICD-11:1F4Z	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Migraine disorders	MESH:D008881,UMLS:C0149931, DOID:6364, ICD-11:8A80.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Mucus discharge	MESH:D009093,UMLS:C0333273	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
flower	Periodontitis	MESH:D010518,UMLS:C0031099, DOID:824, ICD-11:DA0C	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Pruritus	MESH:D011537,UMLS:C0033774, ICD-11:EC90	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	General tonic for rejuvenation	MESH:D012060,UMLS:C0035016	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
flower	Scabies	MESH:D012532,UMLS:C0036262, DOID:8295, ICD-11:1G04	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Skin diseases	MESH:D012871,UMLS:C0037274, DOID:37, ICD-11:EM0Z	ISBN:9770972795006, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
flower	Spermatocidal agents	MESH:D013089,UMLS:C0037862	ISBN:9788172362089
flower	Splenomegaly	MESH:D013163,UMLS:C0038002, ICD-11:ME10.01	ISBN:9770972795006
flower	Stomach diseases	MESH:D013272,UMLS:C0038354, DOID:76, ICD-11:DA4Y	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
flower	Wounds and injuries	MESH:D014947,UMLS:C0043251	ISBN:9770972795006
fruit	Asthma	MESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23	ISBN:9770972795006
fruit	Back pain	MESH:D001416,UMLS:C0004604, ICD-11:ME84.2Z	Contribution To The Medico-Botany Of East Godavari And West Godavari Districts Of Andhra Pradesh
fruit	Common cold	MESH:D003139,UMLS:C0009443, DOID:10459, ICD-11:CA00	ISBN:9770972795006
fruit	Cough	MESH:D003371,UMLS:C0010200, ICD-11:MD12	ISBN:9770972795006
fruit	Leukorrhea	MESH:D007973,UMLS:C0023533, DOID:3766, ICD-11:MF3A	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Abdominal pain	MESH:D015746,UMLS:C0000737, SYMP:0000457, ICD-11:MD81.4	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Analgesics	MESH:D000700,UMLS:C0002771, ICD-11:XM49F7	Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
leaf	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors	MESH:D000806,UMLS:C4541021	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Anthelmintics	MESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Anti-bacterial agents	MESH:D000900,UMLS:C0279516, ICD-11:XM8XH0	ISBN:9788172362089
leaf	Antifungal agents	MESH:D000935,UMLS:C0003308, ICD-11:XM83G4	ISBN:9788172362089
leaf	Anti-infective agents	MESH:D000890,UMLS:C0003204, ICD-11:XM4TV0	ISBN:9788172360481
leaf	Anti-inflammatory agents	MESH:D000893,UMLS:C0003209, ICD-11:XM7XD1	ISBN:9770972795006, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
leaf	Antinematodal agents	MESH:D000969,UMLS:C0003391, ICD-11:XM16G5	ISBN:9788172362089
leaf	Antineoplastic agents	MESH:D000970,UMLS:C0003392	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
leaf	Antirheumatic agents	MESH:D018501,UMLS:C0003191, ICD-11:XM95N2	ISBN:9788172360481
leaf	Arrhythmias, cardiac	MESH:D001145,UMLS:C0003811, ICD-11:BC9Z	ISBN:9788172360481
leaf	Arthralgia	MESH:D018771,UMLS:C0003862, ICD-11:ME82	ISBN:9788172361150
leaf	Arthritis	MESH:D001168,UMLS:C0003864, DOID:848, ICD-11:FA2Z	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788171360536
leaf	Asthma	MESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9780387706375, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
leaf	Back pain	MESH:D001416,UMLS:C0004604, ICD-11:ME84.2Z	Contribution To The Medico-Botany Of East Godavari And West Godavari Districts Of Andhra Pradesh
leaf	Callosities	MESH:D002145,UMLS:C0376154, ICD-11:EH92.0	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Cardiovascular system	MESH:D002319,UMLS:C0007226, ICD-11:XA4PM9	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Cathartics	MESH:D002400,UMLS:C0007422, ICD-11:XM6GE9	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Common cold	MESH:D003139,UMLS:C0009443, DOID:10459, ICD-11:CA00	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Constipation	MESH:D003248,UMLS:C0009806, DOID:2089, ICD-11:ME05.0	ISBN:9780387706375
leaf	Contraceptive agents	MESH:D003270,UMLS:C0009871	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Cough	MESH:D003371,UMLS:C0010200, ICD-11:MD12	ISBN:9770972795006, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
leaf	Dracunculiasis	MESH:D004320,UMLS:C0013100, DOID:14418, ICD-11:1F64	ISBN:9788172360481
leaf	Dysentery	MESH:D004403,UMLS:C0277526, DOID:12384, ICD-11:1A40.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Dyspepsia	MESH:D004415,UMLS:C0013395, ICD-11:DD90.3	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9780387706375
leaf	Dyspnea	MESH:D004417,UMLS:C0013404, ICD-11:MD11.5	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9780387706375
leaf	Ear diseases	MESH:D004427,UMLS:C0013447, ICD-11:AC0Z	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Earache	MESH:D004433,UMLS:C0013456, ICD-11:AB70.2	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172362089
leaf	Edema	MESH:D004487,UMLS:C0013604, ICD-11:MG29.1	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150
leaf	Emetics	MESH:D004639,UMLS:C0013973	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Expectorants	MESH:D005100,UMLS:C0015314	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Fever	MESH:D005334,UMLS:C0015967, ICD-11:MG26	A Report On Medicinal Plants Of Kachchh (Gujarat)
leaf	Fistula	MESH:D005402,UMLS:C0016169, ICD-11:DB50.1	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Gastritis	MESH:D005756,UMLS:C0017152, DOID:4029, ICD-11:DA42	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Headache	MESH:D006261,UMLS:C0018681, ICD-11:8A81.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Hemorrhage	MESH:D006470,UMLS:C0019080, ICD-11:MG27	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Hemorrhoids	MESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Inflammation	MESH:D007249,UMLS:C0021368	ISBN:9770972795006, Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
leaf	Influenza, human	MESH:D007251,UMLS:C0021400, DOID:8469, ICD-11:1E32	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Insect repellents	MESH:D007302,UMLS:C0021572	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Jaundice	MESH:D007565,UMLS:C0022346, ICD-11:ME10.1	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Leprosy	MESH:D007918,UMLS:C0023343, DOID:1024, ICD-11:1B20	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788171360536
leaf	Leukorrhea	MESH:D007973,UMLS:C0023533, DOID:3766, ICD-11:MF3A	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Malaria	MESH:D008288,UMLS:C0024530, DOID:12365, ICD-11:1F4Z	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Molluscacides	MESH:D008975,UMLS:C0026392, ICD-11:XM0ZQ8	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Pain	MESH:D010146,UMLS:C0030193, ICD-11:MG3Z	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Paralysis	MESH:D010243,UMLS:C0522224	ISBN:9788171360536
leaf	Pneumonia	MESH:D011014,UMLS:C0032285, DOID:552, ICD-11:CA40.0Z	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Pruritus	MESH:D011537,UMLS:C0033774, ICD-11:EC90	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Scorpion stings	MESH:D065008,UMLS:C0238417, ICD-11:NE61	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Skin diseases	MESH:D012871,UMLS:C0037274, DOID:37, ICD-11:EM0Z	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788171360536
leaf	Snake bites	MESH:D012909,UMLS:C0037379	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Splenic diseases	MESH:D013158,UMLS:C0037997, DOID:2529, ICD-11:3B8Z	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Splenomegaly	MESH:D013163,UMLS:C0038002, ICD-11:ME10.01	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Stomach diseases	MESH:D013272,UMLS:C0038354, DOID:76, ICD-11:DA4Y	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Suppuration	MESH:D013492,UMLS:C3203360	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Urination disorders	MESH:D014555,UMLS:C0042035, ICD-11:GB0Y	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Visceral disorders	MESH:D014781,UMLS:C0042779	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Wound healing	MESH:D014945,UMLS:C0043240	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Wounds and injuries	MESH:D014947,UMLS:C0043251	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Diaphoretic	UMLS:C1707737	ISBN:9770972795006
leaf	Rheumatoid arthritis	MESH:D001172,UMLS:C0003873, DOID:7148, ICD-11:FA20	Standardization of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine Part - II
plant exudate	Analgesics	MESH:D000700,UMLS:C0002771, ICD-11:XM49F7	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Anthelmintics	MESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Anticoagulants	MESH:D000925,UMLS:C0003280	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
plant exudate	Antifungal agents	MESH:D000935,UMLS:C0003308, ICD-11:XM83G4	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Antirheumatic agents	MESH:D018501,UMLS:C0003191, ICD-11:XM95N2	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Arthralgia	MESH:D018771,UMLS:C0003862, ICD-11:ME82	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172362089
plant exudate	Arthritis	MESH:D001168,UMLS:C0003864, DOID:848, ICD-11:FA2Z	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Asthma	MESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Bites and stings	MESH:D001733,UMLS:C0005659	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Cardiotonic agents	MESH:D002316,UMLS:C0007209, ICD-11:XM91S1	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Carrageenan	MESH:D002351,UMLS:C0007289, ICD-11:XM4663	ISBN:9788172362089
plant exudate	Cathartics	MESH:D002400,UMLS:C0007422, ICD-11:XM6GE9	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150
plant exudate	Cholera	MESH:D002771,UMLS:C0008354, DOID:1498, ICD-11:1A00	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Conjunctivitis	MESH:D003231,UMLS:C0009763, DOID:6195, ICD-11:9A60	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Diarrhea	MESH:D003967,UMLS:C0011991, DOID:13250, ICD-11:ME05.1	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Dracunculiasis	MESH:D004320,UMLS:C0013100, DOID:14418, ICD-11:1F64	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Eczema	MESH:D004485,UMLS:C0013595	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Edema	MESH:D004487,UMLS:C0013604, ICD-11:MG29.1	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172362089
plant exudate	Epilepsy	MESH:D004827,UMLS:C0014544, DOID:1826, ICD-11:8A6Z	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172362089
plant exudate	Fibrinolysis	MESH:D005342,UMLS:C0016017, ICD-11:3B20	ISBN:9788172360481
plant exudate	Furunculosis	MESH:D005667,UMLS:C0016867, ICD-11:1B75.0	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Headache	MESH:D006261,UMLS:C0018681, ICD-11:8A81.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Insecticides	MESH:D007306,UMLS:C0021576, ICD-11:XM3K66	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Laxatives	MESH:D054368,UMLS:C0282090, ICD-11:XM62T3	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Leprosy	MESH:D007918,UMLS:C0023343, DOID:1024, ICD-11:1B20	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Malaria	MESH:D008288,UMLS:C0024530, DOID:12365, ICD-11:1F4Z	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Molluscacides	MESH:D008975,UMLS:C0026392, ICD-11:XM0ZQ8	ISBN:9788172362089
plant exudate	Neoplasms	MESH:D009369,UMLS:C0027651, DOID:162, ICD-11:2E2Z	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Pain	MESH:D010146,UMLS:C0030193, ICD-11:MG3Z	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Parkinson disease	MESH:D010300,UMLS:C0030567, DOID:14330, ICD-11:8A00.0Z	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Scorpion stings	MESH:D065008,UMLS:C0238417, ICD-11:NE61	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Skin diseases	MESH:D012871,UMLS:C0037274, DOID:37, ICD-11:EM0Z	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Snake bites	MESH:D012909,UMLS:C0037379	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Tooth diseases	MESH:D014076,UMLS:C0040435, DOID:1091, ICD-11:DA07.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Toothache	MESH:D014098,UMLS:C0040460, ICD-11:DA0A.Y	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Uterine contraction	MESH:D014590,UMLS:C0042130, ICD-11:GA16.Y	ISBN:9788172361150
plant exudate	Vitiligo	MESH:D014820,UMLS:C0042900, DOID:12306, ICD-11:ED63.0	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Vomiting	MESH:D014839,UMLS:C0042963, ICD-11:MD90.1	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Wound healing	MESH:D014945,UMLS:C0043240	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Wounds and injuries	MESH:D014947,UMLS:C0043251	ISBN:9770972795006
plant exudate	Irritant	UMLS:C0022108	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150
root	Abdominal pain	MESH:D015746,UMLS:C0000737, SYMP:0000457, ICD-11:MD81.4	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Abortifacient agents	MESH:D000019,UMLS:C0000782, ICD-11:JA00.1	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Anemia	MESH:D000740,UMLS:C0002871, DOID:2355, ICD-11:3A9Z	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Anthelmintics	MESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481, ISBN:9788172362089
root	Anti-bacterial agents	MESH:D000900,UMLS:C0279516, ICD-11:XM8XH0	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Anti-infective agents	MESH:D000890,UMLS:C0003204, ICD-11:XM4TV0	ISBN:9788172360481
root	Anti-inflammatory agents	MESH:D000893,UMLS:C0003209, ICD-11:XM7XD1	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Antineoplastic agents	MESH:D000970,UMLS:C0003392	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
root	Antirheumatic agents	MESH:D018501,UMLS:C0003191, ICD-11:XM95N2	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Appetite stimulants	MESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447	ISBN:9788172360481
root	Arrhythmias, cardiac	MESH:D001145,UMLS:C0003811, ICD-11:BC9Z	ISBN:9788172360481
root	Arthritis	MESH:D001168,UMLS:C0003864, DOID:848, ICD-11:FA2Z	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Ascites	MESH:D001201,UMLS:C0003962, ICD-11:ME04	ISBN:9788171360536, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
root	Asthma	MESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9780387706375
root	Back pain	MESH:D001416,UMLS:C0004604, ICD-11:ME84.2Z	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Bites and stings	MESH:D001733,UMLS:C0005659	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Bronchitis	MESH:D001991,UMLS:C0006277, DOID:6132, ICD-11:CA20	ISBN:9788171360536
root	Cardiovascular system	MESH:D002319,UMLS:C0007226, ICD-11:XA4PM9	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Cathartics	MESH:D002400,UMLS:C0007422, ICD-11:XM6GE9	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150
root	Celiac disease	MESH:D002446,UMLS:C0007570, DOID:10608, ICD-11:DA95	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Cholera	MESH:D002771,UMLS:C0008354, DOID:1498, ICD-11:1A00	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Common cold	MESH:D003139,UMLS:C0009443, DOID:10459, ICD-11:CA00	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Constipation	MESH:D003248,UMLS:C0009806, DOID:2089, ICD-11:ME05.0	ISBN:9788172360481
root	Cough	MESH:D003371,UMLS:C0010200, ICD-11:MD12	ISBN:9770972795006, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
root	Diarrhea	MESH:D003967,UMLS:C0011991, DOID:13250, ICD-11:ME05.1	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Dracunculiasis	MESH:D004320,UMLS:C0013100, DOID:14418, ICD-11:1F64	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Dysentery	MESH:D004403,UMLS:C0277526, DOID:12384, ICD-11:1A40.Z	A Report On Medicinal Plants Of Kachchh (Gujarat), ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788172361150
root	Dyspepsia	MESH:D004415,UMLS:C0013395, ICD-11:DD90.3	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9780387706375, ISBN:9788171360536, ISBN:9788172360481
root	Dyspnea	MESH:D004417,UMLS:C0013404, ICD-11:MD11.5	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Dystocia	MESH:D004420,UMLS:C0013418	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Eczema	MESH:D004485,UMLS:C0013595	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Edema	MESH:D004487,UMLS:C0013604, ICD-11:MG29.1	ISBN:9788172362089
root	Elephantiasis	MESH:D004604,UMLS:C0013882, DOID:4976, ICD-11:1F66.3	ISBN:9770972795006, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
root	Emetics	MESH:D004639,UMLS:C0013973	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
root	Expectorants	MESH:D005100,UMLS:C0015314	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150
root	Fatigue	MESH:D005221,UMLS:C0015672, ICD-11:MG22	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Fever	MESH:D005334,UMLS:C0015967, ICD-11:MG26	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Filariasis	MESH:D005368,UMLS:C0016085, DOID:1080, ICD-11:1F66	ISBN:9788171360536
root	Flatulence	MESH:D005414,UMLS:C0016204, ICD-11:ME08	ISBN:9788172360481
root	Gastroenteritis	MESH:D005759,UMLS:C0017160, DOID:2326, ICD-11:1A40.0	ISBN:9788171360536
root	Gastrointestinal diseases	MESH:D005767,UMLS:C0017178, DOID:77, ICD-11:DE2Z	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Hypertension	MESH:D006973,UMLS:C0020538, DOID:10763, ICD-11:BA00.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Inflammation	MESH:D007249,UMLS:C0021368	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Intestinal diseases, parasitic	MESH:D007411,UMLS:C0021832, DOID:100, ICD-11:1A40.Z	ISBN:9770972795006, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
root	Ipecac	MESH:D007486,UMLS:C0022046	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
root	Jaundice	MESH:D007565,UMLS:C0022346, ICD-11:ME10.1	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Leprosy	MESH:D007918,UMLS:C0023343, DOID:1024, ICD-11:1B20	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Leukorrhea	MESH:D007973,UMLS:C0023533, DOID:3766, ICD-11:MF3A	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Liver diseases	MESH:D008107,UMLS:C0023895, DOID:409, ICD-11:SA0Z	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Malaria	MESH:D008288,UMLS:C0024530, DOID:12365, ICD-11:1F4Z	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Mental disorders	MESH:D001523,UMLS:C0004936, ICD-11:6E8Z	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Metrorrhagia	MESH:D008796,UMLS:C0025874, ICD-11:GA22	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Parasympatholytics	MESH:D010276,UMLS:C0030511, ICD-11:XM3A77	ISBN:9788172361150
root	Pneumonia	MESH:D011014,UMLS:C0032285, DOID:552, ICD-11:CA40.0Z	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Pruritus	MESH:D011537,UMLS:C0033774, ICD-11:EC90	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Respiratory system agents	MESH:D019141,UMLS:C0282686	ISBN:9788172360481
root	Scorpion stings	MESH:D065008,UMLS:C0238417, ICD-11:NE61	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Skin diseases	MESH:D012871,UMLS:C0037274, DOID:37, ICD-11:EM0Z	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172362089, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
root	Snake bites	MESH:D012909,UMLS:C0037379	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Spasm	MESH:D013035,UMLS:C0037763, ICD-11:MB47.3	ISBN:9788172360481
root	Spermatocidal agents	MESH:D013089,UMLS:C0037862	ISBN:9788172362089
root	Splenic diseases	MESH:D013158,UMLS:C0037997, DOID:2529, ICD-11:3B8Z	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Splenomegaly	MESH:D013163,UMLS:C0038002, ICD-11:ME10.01	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Sterilization, reproductive	MESH:D013245,UMLS:C0038288	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Toothache	MESH:D014098,UMLS:C0040460, ICD-11:DA0A.Y	ISBN:9770972795006, Medicinal Plants Of Nagpur And Wardha Forest Divisions (Maharashtra)
root	Ulcer	MESH:D014456,UMLS:C0041582	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Visceral disorders	MESH:D014781,UMLS:C0042779	ISBN:9788172362089, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
root	Wound healing	MESH:D014945,UMLS:C0043240	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Wounds and injuries	MESH:D014947,UMLS:C0043251	ISBN:9770972795006
root	Mucus in stool	UMLS:C0241254	ISBN:9788172360481
root	Diaphoretic	UMLS:C1707737	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150
seed	Asthenia	MESH:D001247,UMLS:C0004093, ICD-11:MG22	ISBN:9788172360481
seed	Asthma	MESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
seed	Back pain	MESH:D001416,UMLS:C0004604, ICD-11:ME84.2Z	Contribution To The Medico-Botany Of East Godavari And West Godavari Districts Of Andhra Pradesh
shoot	Menstruation disturbances	MESH:D008599,UMLS:C0025345, ICD-11:GA20.30	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Abortifacient agents	MESH:D000019,UMLS:C0000782, ICD-11:JA00.1	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Antipyretics	MESH:D058633,UMLS:C0003419, ICD-11:XM1RS7	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Dental caries	MESH:D003731,UMLS:C0011334, DOID:216, ICD-11:DA08.0	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Diarrhea	MESH:D003967,UMLS:C0011991, DOID:13250, ICD-11:ME05.1	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Dysentery	MESH:D004403,UMLS:C0277526, DOID:12384, ICD-11:1A40.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Ear diseases	MESH:D004427,UMLS:C0013447, ICD-11:AC0Z	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Headache	MESH:D006261,UMLS:C0018681, ICD-11:8A81.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Hemorrhoids	MESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.Z	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Leprosy	MESH:D007918,UMLS:C0023343, DOID:1024, ICD-11:1B20	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Malaria	MESH:D008288,UMLS:C0024530, DOID:12365, ICD-11:1F4Z	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Periodontal diseases	MESH:D010510,UMLS:C0031090, DOID:3388, ICD-11:DA0C	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Periodontitis	MESH:D010518,UMLS:C0031099, DOID:824, ICD-11:DA0C	ISBN:9770972795006
stem	Sterilization, reproductive	MESH:D013245,UMLS:C0038288	ISBN:9770972795006
wood	Asthma	MESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23	ISBN:9770972795006
wood	Snake bites	MESH:D012909,UMLS:C0037379	ISBN:9770972795006
	Abdominal pain	MESH:D015746,UMLS:C0000737, SYMP:0000457, ICD-11:MD81.4	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Anorexia	MESH:D000855,UMLS:C1971624, DOID:8689, ICD-11:MG43.7	ISBN:9788172361150
	Anthelmintics	MESH:D000871,UMLS:C0003158, ICD-11:XM4EC0	ISBN:9770972795006
	Anti-bacterial agents	MESH:D000900,UMLS:C0279516, ICD-11:XM8XH0	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172362089
	Antifungal agents	MESH:D000935,UMLS:C0003308, ICD-11:XM83G4	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
	Antineoplastic agents	MESH:D000970,UMLS:C0003392	ISBN:9788172360481
	Antirheumatic agents	MESH:D018501,UMLS:C0003191, ICD-11:XM95N2	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
	Appetite stimulants	MESH:D019167,UMLS:C0376447	ISBN:9770972795006
	Ascites	MESH:D001201,UMLS:C0003962, ICD-11:ME04	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Asthma	MESH:D001249,UMLS:C0004096, DOID:2841, ICD-11:CA23	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9780387706375, ISBN:9788172361150
	Back pain	MESH:D001416,UMLS:C0004604, ICD-11:ME84.2Z	Contribution To The Medico-Botany Of East Godavari And West Godavari Districts Of Andhra Pradesh
	Blister	MESH:D001768,UMLS:C1579830, ICD-11:ME63.3	Medicinal Plants Of Nagpur And Wardha Forest Divisions (Maharashtra)
	Cathartics	MESH:D002400,UMLS:C0007422, ICD-11:XM6GE9	ISBN:9770972795006, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Colic	MESH:D003085,UMLS:C0232488, ICD-11:MD81.4	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Common cold	MESH:D003139,UMLS:C0009443, DOID:10459, ICD-11:CA00	ISBN:9788172361150
	Cough	MESH:D003371,UMLS:C0010200, ICD-11:MD12	ISBN:9788172361150
	Demulcents	MESH:D065106,UMLS:C0302232	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Digestive system diseases	MESH:D004066,UMLS:C0012242, ICD-11:DE2Z	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Dysentery	MESH:D004403,UMLS:C0277526, DOID:12384, ICD-11:1A40.Z	ISBN:9770972795006, Medicinal Plants Of Nagpur And Wardha Forest Divisions (Maharashtra)
	Eczema	MESH:D004485,UMLS:C0013595	ISBN:9788172361150
	Elephantiasis	MESH:D004604,UMLS:C0013882, DOID:4976, ICD-11:1F66.3	ISBN:9788172361150
	Emetics	MESH:D004639,UMLS:C0013973	ISBN:9770972795006
	Epilepsy	MESH:D004827,UMLS:C0014544, DOID:1826, ICD-11:8A6Z	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
	Exanthema	MESH:D005076,UMLS:C0015230	ISBN:9788172361150
	Expectorants	MESH:D005100,UMLS:C0015314	ISBN:9770972795006
	Fever	MESH:D005334,UMLS:C0015967, ICD-11:MG26	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150
	Flatulence	MESH:D005414,UMLS:C0016204, ICD-11:ME08	ISBN:9770972795006
	Furunculosis	MESH:D005667,UMLS:C0016867, ICD-11:1B75.0	ISBN:9770972795006
	Hemiplegia	MESH:D006429,UMLS:C0018991, DOID:10969, ICD-11:MB53.Z	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
	Hemorrhoids	MESH:D006484,UMLS:C0019112, DOID:9746, ICD-11:DB60.Z	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172361150
	Laxatives	MESH:D054368,UMLS:C0282090, ICD-11:XM62T3	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Liver diseases	MESH:D008107,UMLS:C0023895, DOID:409, ICD-11:SA0Z	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Muscular diseases	MESH:D009135,UMLS:C0026848, DOID:0080000, ICD-11:FB3Z	ISBN:9770972795006
	Neoplasms	MESH:D009369,UMLS:C0027651, DOID:162, ICD-11:2E2Z	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Pain	MESH:D010146,UMLS:C0030193, ICD-11:MG3Z	ISBN:9770972795006
	Skin diseases	MESH:D012871,UMLS:C0037274, DOID:37, ICD-11:EM0Z	ISBN:9770972795006, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Smallpox	MESH:D012899,UMLS:C0037354, DOID:8736, ICD-11:1E70	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
	Splenic diseases	MESH:D013158,UMLS:C0037997, DOID:2529, ICD-11:3B8Z	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481
	Splenomegaly	MESH:D013163,UMLS:C0038002, ICD-11:ME10.01	Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Syphilis	MESH:D013587,UMLS:C0039128, DOID:4166, ICD-11:1A6Z	ISBN:9788172361150
	Hydrocele	MESH:D006848,UMLS:C1720771, DOID:9912, ICD-11:GB00.Z	ISBN:9788172361150
	Toothache	MESH:D014098,UMLS:C0040460, ICD-11:DA0A.Y	ISBN:9788172361150
	Ulcer	MESH:D014456,UMLS:C0041582	ISBN:9788172361150, Pharmacognosy Of Indigenous Drugs Volume I
	Wounds and injuries	MESH:D014947,UMLS:C0043251	ISBN:9770972795006, ISBN:9788172360481, ISBN:9788172361150
	Diaphoretic	UMLS:C1707737	ISBN:9770972795006